• The management and leadership roles, which are critical dimensions of the world of business, have distinguishing characteristics:
• Management emerged with the Industrial Revolution. 

• Management is based on position; leadership is about personal qualifications. 

• Managers are appointed; a leader is a role model who earns the title and is embraced by the followers
• Management aims at formal goals whereas leaders generate informal goals
• Management is attaining goals through others; leadership is pursuing goals with others. 

• Management is based on rules, leadership is spontaneous and inspirational. 

• Managers focus on completing tasks efficiently; leaders focus on goals for development, improvement, and change. 

• Management authority is based on legal authority; leadership power comes from followers. 


Management produces order and consistency; leadership produces change and movement.