For Nicole Scicluna, the demise of the Constitutional Treaty as a result of the French and Dutch “no” votes demonstrate an unsuccessful attempt at “democratization via politicization”. The Constitutional Treaty was drafted with the interrelated aims of filling the symbolic gaps of Europe, facilitating the growth of European demos, and bringing the Union closer to citizens. Its defeat in 2005 triggered a process of de-constitutionalization that culminated in the Lisbon Treaty of December 2009.