act as conveyors of messages and information between peoples of different cultures.

see their task as to liberate others or to act as the “bastion” of revolutionary movements.

emphasise the importance of promoting prestige and gaining influence in the international system by pursuing certain domestic policies.

place emphasis on the function of providing protection for adjacent regions.

perceive themselves as capable of, or responsible for, fulfilling or undertaking special tasks to reconcile conflicts between other states.