The first stage is called new-product stage in which the product is produced and consumed only in the innovating country with skilled labor and high technology. The second stage is the product-growth stage, which is at the XV time frame. The third stage is product-maturity stage, which falls in the VY time frame. The fourth stage is product-standardization stage, which coincides with the YZ time frame. The fifth and the last stage is the product-decline stage, which refers to the time frame starting with Z.