Dumping is a sale of goods abroad at low a price, below their cost and price in the home market. Voluntary export restraint is a restriction set by a government on the volume of products that can be exported to other countries during a specified period of time. A domestic production subsidy is a payment made by a government to a particular industry based on the output or production. Export subsidies are also payments made by a government in order to inspire the export of specified goods. An international cartel is an arrangement to avoid some or all forms of competition, the parties to which are business enterprise domiciled under more than one government and trading across national frontiers.