What did Westphalia result in? How did it influence the international political system? First, it led to a modicum of religious toleration by reiterating the principle of cuius regio, eius religio, first annunciated at the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. Principalities and other states now had jurisdiction over issues related to religion, and no longer took their cues from the Holy Roman Empire on these matters (Holsti, 1991: 34). More importantly, Europe’s internal wars of religion were by and large over (excepting those against the Ottoman Empire) (Holsti, 1991: 38). Second, and more importantly, the Habsburg family which united Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, and many territories in Italy was now divided, as the emperor renounced his right to provide support to Spain (Holsti, 1991: 34-35). It also spelled the end of the Holy Roman Empire as a foreign policy-making body. According to these treaties, “the pattern of international relations in Europe was drastically changed: over three hundred political entities were now entitled to conduct foreign relations (make alliances), and the Holy Roman Emperor could not employ force in the conduct of foreign policy, or even make alliances, without the consent of the individual members of the Empire” (Holsti, 1991: 35). These formed the bedrock of European diplomacy until the French Revolution (Holsti, 1991: 38; Merriman, 2010: 145).