IR theories discuss global governance mostly in relation to state and power. Realists hold a critical stance toward global governance, because its existence would refer to the absence of anarchy in the international system. Yet anarchy is the defining characteristic of the international system. As is also understood from the information given, the correct answer is A.  

Liberals, on the other hand, consider global governance as a means of governing world affairs in the absence of a global central authority and emphasize its problem-solving potential. Focusing on the role of international economic organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Marxist scholars consider global governance as a capitalist project that enables the imposition of the capitalist reproduction of social relations and disciplines.

International Labour Organization (ILO) was established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles. However, the preparation for an IO in the field of labor had already begun at the beginning of the 20th century with the International Association for Labour Legislation. The main aim of the ILO was to “secure the permanent peace of the world” by creating better conditions for workers at the universal level. The ILO focuses on a variety of labor issues including social justice, maximum working days and weeks, adequate living wage, protection against sickness, and protection of children, young persons, and women.

Legitimate transnational actors from a country can be transnational companies, political parties, or NGOs. Legitimate actors usually engage with IOs in the management of international relations. As a legitimate type of transnational actors, transnational companies (TNCs) play a relatively greater role in international politics today. They primarily lobby foreign governments in several ways; they can indirectly ask their own government to put pressure on a foreign government, try to affect the target government through IOs, or directly reach its diplomatic missions or ministries.