International institutions play a key role in world politics. For example, IOs help states to reduce the uncertainty about what other states’ objectives might be in international relations through a process of information sharing that builds trust. There is no doubt that the post- World War II institutions such as the EU have been instrumental in avoiding conflict and war among the great powers of Europe such as the UK, France, and Germany. It has fostered economic cooperation and increased foreign trade in Europe. Thus, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of World War II generation no longer live in a perpetual state of war, suspicion, and rivalry. The EU has been instrumental for European states in realizing that they share common interests in every issue area even if they live in an “anarchical” international system. Choice (b) is the correct answer.