The phenomenological approach is particularly associated with the work of Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann. For Luckmann, it is not religious practices that have primary sociological significance but rather “symbolic universes” that are objectified meaning-systems that relate the experiences of everyday life to a transcendent layer of reality. Other systems of meaning do not point beyond the world of everyday life; in other words, they do not contain a transcendent reference. The correct answer is D.