We can list the basic aspects of Durkheim’s views on deviance as follows (Macionis and Plummer, 2005: 445): a. Crime and deviance are a normal and inevitable aspect of modern life. b. It is inevitable, because it is not the case that each and every member of a society depends on the shared values and the moral beliefs of that society. c. In addition to being inevitable, crime may also be functional. However, when the ratio is too high or too low, it becomes nonfunctional and damages the society. Deviance becomes an innovative force in society by creating new mindsets and challenges, and thus creates change. d. Crime is seen in all societies and mostly in industrialized and developed countries.