Those who lived in lands that allied with Rome often received grants of citizenship. Gradually, most who lived in Northern or Southern Italy were named Roman citizens and over the centuries many migrated to Rome to live, generating a cosmopolitan atmosphere there as well as across many parts of the empire. Later, during the empire period, the Senate continued simultaneously to appoint Romans to high positions while extending Roman citizenship to yet additional subjects. Finally, in 212 CE all free subjects of the empire obtained Roman citizenship.