Understanding the market place and customer needs and want is the very first step of a marketing process. Similarly, Kotler and Armstrong29 listed five main steps for marketers to follow in their marketing processes as below: • Understanding the market place and customer needs and wants, • Designing a customer-driven marketing strategy, • Developing an integrated marketing program that delivers superior value, • Building profitable relationships and creating customer satisfaction, • Capturing value from customers to create profits and customer equity. The correct option is D.