George and Jones defined effective leadership characteristics under eight personal traits as;

• Intelligence; helps a leader solve complex problems.

• Task-relevant knowledge; ensures that a leader knows what has to be done, how is should be done and what resources are required for a group organization to achieve its goals.

• Dominance; an individual’s need to exert influence and control over others helps a leader channel follower’s efforts and abilities toward achieving group and organizational goals.

• Self-confidence; helps a leader influence followers and motivates them to persevere in the face of obstacles or difficulties.

• Energy; helps a leader deal with the many demands they face on a day to day basis.

• Tolerance for stress; helps a leader deal with the uncertainty inherent in any leadership role.

• Integrity and honesty; help to ensure a leader behaves ethically and is worthy of followers’ trust and confidence.

• Emotional maturity; helps to ensure a leader is not overly self-centered, can control their feelings, and can accept criticism.