Through interviewing leaders and followers, researchers defined two types of leaders, task/goal oriented leader and people oriented leader.

Task/goal-oriented Leader: According to both studies, the leader shows a behavior that closely controls whether the group members are working in accordance with the predetermined company principles, methods and rules and push them to reach their performance capacity. They focus on clear cut procedures, plan and schedule tasks, organize followers activities and deployed necessary technical assistance. Besides he/she uses formal authority on coercion, reward, and legitimate power to influence the behavior and performance of followers.

People- oriented Leader: People oriented leader tries to improve the working conditions that will improve the satisfaction of the group members and is closely interested in the personal development and progress of the subordinates. Thus people-oriented leadership involves behaviors such as showing trust and respect for subordinates, acting friendly and considerate, trying to understand and solve their problems, showing appreciation for subordinates’ ideas.