Classical Management School

Three important views representing Classical Management School period are those of F. Taylor, H. Fayol, and M. Weber. The ideas of these three important organization theorists make up the foundation of today’s organization theories. Following are the still used approaches of these authors. As the first author of these three, F. Taylor is the founder of scientific management. In scientific management, the aim is to produce more through increasing efficiency. As a way to realize this aim, arrangements in the business level make up the main field of activity. The most focused aspect of these studies is business management and organization. In terms of scientific management, etudes of motion and time are given importance to have productivity. Motion etude is used for determining which motions will make the job. The goal is to get the highest result with minimum labor. Time etude is used for determining the standard time of a job. Thus, necessary performance measures can be conducted. In short, this approach is a management theory that tries to explain how to utilize human resource effectively in routine jobs. As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is “A”. Behavioral School following the classical period are known as the micro-organization theory. The contingency theory is the second important approach in modern organization theories and brings a new dimension to the relations of organizations with their environment. The contingency theory that regards the organization as a system argues that only one ever-successful management and organization style is not possible. According to bureaucratic theory, if expanding and growing organizations do not desire to turn out to be inadequate, they must adhere to the ideal bureaucracy structure. The aspects of ideal bureaucracy theory can be summarized as the following six items: A well-defined hierarchy of authority, clear division of work, a system of rules covering the rights and duties of all employees. System approach approach is the one that decides various communication and interaction areas between different units of modern organization and their environment and shows which way to go. The system is an integral structure whose parts communicate and interact with each other.