New-product development process includes 8 major steps. These steps include:
• Generation of new ideas: Ideas are gathered from different parties such as employers, consumers, competitors, etc.
• Screening of new ideas: All ideas are evaluated based on several criteria such as potential market size, cost, product development time to find the better ideas and in this stage poor ideas are eliminated.
• Concept development and testing: Consumers are included in the process to select the best concepts.
• Marketing Strategy Development: This step includes preparing plans and
programmes for test marketing.
• Business analysis: Some analyses such as cost, demand, profitability are performed to prove potential economic success of new concepts.
• Product development programme: After completing the stages above, a prototype is developed.

• Test marketing: The new product may be tested in a small market such as a city before commercialization stage to see if there is a need to make changes in the product or in any aspect of marketing strategy based on the opinions of consumers.
• Commercialization and control: If all stages are completed successfully, the new product is launched to the market. E is the right answer.