The Gustave Caire v. United Mexican States case (Caire case, 1929) concerned the murder of a French national by two Mexican officers. The Claims Commission held that the ultra vires acts of officials were attributable to the state and stated that “the two officers, even if they are deemed to have acted outside their competence, acted under cover of their status as officers and used means placed at their disposal on account of that status.” They must have acted in all appearance as competent officials or organs, as they must have used powers or methods appropriate to their official capacity (5 UNRIAA 516).