Ethical issues are likely to arise in all kinds of social research. There are four broad issues that can produce ethical dilemmas for all researchers:

• Research sponsorship (i.e., the extent to which research funders influence a research activity, etc.).
• Research relations (i.e., questions of access, power, harm, deception, secrecy, confidentiality, and/or issues related to overt/covert research, etc.).
• Informed consent (i.e., whether consent has been obtained voluntarily, whether participants were adequately informed of the aims of research and its possible risks, or whether participants were competent to consent, etc.).
• Data dissemination (i.e., the extent to which research data can be stored, published, and/ or used by policy makers, etc.).