Categorical variables and data can be either nominal or ordinal.
The question about climate change, with possible responses “natural”, “manmade” or “don’t know/can’t answer” is a nominal categorical variable, as is the variable “country” - there is no ordering in the categories
of these variables. By contrast, exam grade is an ordinal categorical variable, since its categories are ordered: A is better than a B, B is better than a C, and so on.