By the concept of archaeology Foucault refers to a study of the historical conditions a priori that enable the emergence of a thought or a practice of a theory in a certain time period. In other words, Foucault designed archaeology as a method of analysis that aims to unearth intellectual structures and historical a priori underlying different methods, concepts and theories of an idea and thought that dominates a particular period. As can be understood from the definition given, the correct answer is A. The information related to other concepts given in the other answer choices are as follows:

Foucault conceptualized the traditional power as ‘juridico-discursive” where power comes from above, from a sovereign.

The double reading method was included to literature as a deconstruction style by Derrida. The aim here is to understand the story of the construction of the identity of a discourse, a text or any other social institution. The first reading tells in accordance with original by using its own assumptions of the dominant discourse. In other words, it tries to show how dominated reinterpretation provides self-integrity or continuity of the discourse or institution. The main point here is the second reading. It tries to expose the inner contradictions and how they are unsuccesfully closed and displaced by exerting pressure on the discourse or weaknesses of the institution.

Deconstruction is the best-known and noteworthy form of poststructural criticism. The concept was first outlined by Jacques Derrida in Of Grammatology published in 1976. Derrida explained the interaction between language and the construction of meaning in this book. As defined by Derrida, deconstruction is a “strategy some rules for reading, interpretation and writing”. He claims that rather than “destruction”, deconstruction signifies how the whole is structured and also restructured. It does not have a negative meaning.