Archaeology was a crucial method for Foucault but this metodology could not convincingly explain the causes of discontinuities which meant that objects or phenomena were not perceived, classified, or depicted in the same way in the transition from a historical period to another. He also noted that archaealogy’s limitations in his foreword to the English translation of The Order of Things. That’s why the philosopher worked on a new methodology called “genealogy” in Discipline and Punish for remedying this deficiency. The point that should be considered here is not the fact that genealogy is a deviation from archeology but rather is the purpose of completing it. Genealogy deals with the imposition of present on the past. This metodology focuses on the complex relationship between discourse and power, and tries to show that history is shaped within the framework of these relations and does not have continuity.

It should be underlined that the genealogy does not only consist of collecting certain data from the history. Here, the primary aim is to reveal the formations of them and the power-knowledge relations in their backgrounds by -in the words of Derrida- deconstructing the established understanding and norms. Thus, Foucault tries to demonstrate that words, language, or discourse (utterances/statements and texts) are not as innocent as those attempted to show, and are shaped within the framework of current power/ knowledge and power relations. In a sense, by deconstructing social relations, it aims to show that there are multiple perspectives by freeing them from the general narratives/commandments that have a heap of historical domination. The way to do this is to create a counter memory. As can be understood from the information given, the correct answer is E.