Turkey’s international standing during the Cold War could be classified as Western-dependent due to both systemic factors and domestic developments. First of all, the transition from a multipolar to bipolar world system forced Turkey to choose a side as it was a middle-range power with geopolitical importance to bloc leaders. Considering the Soviet pressure on Turkey for territorial adjustments and its westernization process, Turkey preferred the Western camp at the end of the Second World War. Parallel to the transformation in the international system, Turkey’s domestic politics also experienced major changes moving into a multiparty system. The political desire for democratization also contributed to Turkey’s move to closer relations with the Western democracies. Turkey’s economic needs at the end of the War and extensive requirements for economic and military foreign aid also exacerbated its western dependency. Last but not least, Cyprus problem became a crucial foreign policy determinant starting from early 1960s.

Considering the explanations above, we see that Turkey’s international standing is Western not Eastern, so the correct answer is E.