In order to keep its army intact and to further modernize it, Turkey needed international loans, which were only available from the US at the time. Eventually the American aid started to arrive via the Truman Doctrine (1947) and the Marshall Plan (1948) with various restrictions on their use that went unnoticed at the time. Those restrictions, however, would pose problems for Turkey in the long term. Turkey did not only receive international aid to develop its economy and modernize its military in the 1950s, but also took part in institutions to formalize its ties with the Western world. As a result, in 1948 Turkey joined the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (which is the forerunner of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development – OECD. In 1950, Turkey also became one of the founding members of the Council of Europe. Taking part in these European institutions was important for Turkey’s economic and political needs at the time.

Saidabad Pact (1937) belongs to the early Republican foreign policy.