Indicators of anthropological and sociological characteristics become visible in the societal manners of survival, family formation, and manners of expression, such as songs, arts, dances, and linguistic patterns. Patterns of age recruitment, division of gender roles, and manners of worship are important indicators.

The first phase of the Islamization of Africa began after North Africa was Islamized, beginning with the conquest of Egypt by Arab forces around 639-641 CE. These historical developments were an aspect of the eruption of the global Islamic revolution, when Islam was on a march of conquest.

The Cold War began in 1945.

Hinduism tends to be more polytheistic (belief in many gods), but it maintains belief in one universal force, absolute monism, which however appears in three major forms — Brahma, the creator deity; Vishnu, the Preserver; and Shiva, the Destroyer.

Among the many scholarly opponents of the Jews stands Arnold Toynbee, a founder of the discipline of the comparative study of civilizations. To him, the Jews do not compose a long-lasting civilization but rather a “fossilized relic” of the Syriac society now extinct, people still far from complete in terms of moral emancipation.

The Italian Renaissance directed attention to new scholarship and increased curiosity for beauty and innovations. During this period, a rigorous way of seeing at the world, which today we label “science,” arose. This drove unmatched technological development, and with it, economic progress.”

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed in 1955 in response to the Warsaw Pact. 

Indonesia

The way for the Chinese to get along with each other is to find a way to deal with the most pressing questions faced by humanity, the relationship between humans, nature and “Tian.” “Tian” is the utmost power ruling over minor gods and human beings. (The word tian may denote a divinity, impersonal nature, or both). This leads to developing “kindness in human nature.”

soldiers

Western culture has some Jewish roots. the principal language of the Jews has been Hebrew. At first, they spoke a form of Aramaic. Before the end of the Second Temple period, Jews tended to speak Greek, and then Latin; the latter language gave birth to fully six Jewish languages. One, Ladino (Jewish Spanish) has played an especially important part in Jewish culture, as has Yiddish (a Jewish adaptation of Middle High German).

Chilean culture is a part of Western-Latin civilization.

When Augustus (63 BCE-14 CE) became the ruler of the Roman Empire, fully 200 years of peace called Pax Romana commenced. The Romans built networks of good roads and aqueducts for supplying water. Unfortunately, in the third century CE the ordered civilization of the Pax Romana ended. The Roman Empire was plunged into military anarchy. German tribesmen from Vistula river broke through the deteriorating border defenses to raid, loot, and destroy.

nirvana

China has about 20% of the world’s entire population. To control the rapid population growth rate and to ensure the quality of life, Family Planning has been a core state policy since 1978. China is a multiracial state consisting of 56 ethnic groups. Under China’s “Law on Nine-Year Compulsory Education,” primary school is tuition-free. China’s “socialist” market economy is   the world’s second-largest economy by nominal GDP after the United States. However, according to the IMF, it is the world’s biggest economy in terms of PPP, purchasing power parity (basket of goods for daily local living).

liberty and equality

All of the above are reasons for grouping Hindu and Buddhist civilizations together.

The German sociologist Max Weber saw the Jews entering history as a tribal confederacy of peasants and husbandmen in quest of land and described them as ‘pariah people’.

The most long-lasting achievement of India during the Mauryan and Gupta period was in the creation of ordinal numbers from 1 to 9.