Deneme Sınavı Soruları

general and intense

common and effective

specific and limited

biased and well-planned

enforcing and mandatory

Information Failures

Externalities

Incomplete Markets

Public Goods

Failure of Competition

Mercantilism

Physiocracy

Capitalism

Marksizm

Keynesian

I, II, III and IV

I and III 

I, II and III

I, II and IV

II, III and IV

The Urbanization, rural development and population effects

Income taxation

Wealth taxation

Public procurement

Goverment budget

Aid and budgetary support

Tax exemption and public guarantees methods

The subsidy and the voucher methods

Direct and indirect subsiy methods

Direct and indirect public provision methods

I, II, III, and IV

I, II and III

I and II

II, III and IV

I, III, and IV

relative wage

privatization 

materials cost

free rider

nonexcludability

There is no significant relationship between public expenditures and economic development. 

Public expenditures decline as a country progresses through industrialization. 

The share of public expenditures in the economy decreases as national income increases. 

Public expenditures grow proportionally with the economy, with no sector outpacing the other. 

As the economy grows, the share of public expenditures in the economy increases, often at a faster rate than the economy itself.

I, II, III, IV

I, II, III and V

II, III and IV

I and II

Only IV

The state's minimal role in the economy leads to a reduction in public expenditure. 

As a welfare state, the government reduces public expenditure by outsourcing services to the private sector. 

There is a persistent trend towards a decrease in public expenditure due to the state's reduced intervention in the economy. 

The state's expanding role in providing social services results in an increasing trend of public expenditure. 

Wagner’s Law suggests that public expenditure is not affected by the state's role in advancing citizens' wellbeing.

Public service

Nonexcludability

Public good

Public finance 

Public supply

Higher income elasticity leads to a decrease in public expenditure due to more efficient market production. 

As per capita income increases, public expenditure decreases because of greater private sector investment. 

An increase in per capita income is correlated with a greater share of public expenditure in the national revenue. 

The income elasticity of public expenditure has remained constant over time in developed countries like the United States. 

There is no significant correlation between income elasticity and public expenditure according to the studies cited.

Club Goods

Private goods

International public goods

Other commodities

Coplete public goods

Classification according to productivity

Classification according to its economic effect

Classification according to benefits

Classification according to its functions

Classification according to its costs

Subsidy

Corrective Tax

Externality

Public good

Relative Wage

Public good

Non-excludable

Externality

Non-rival

Private goods

Discounting:

Monetization of Costs and Benefits

Calculation of Net Present Value

Social Welfare Assessment

Ethical Considerations

It categorizes public spending based solely on the amount rather than the purpose of the expenditure.    

It is a method of grouping expenditures by government programs which do not directly provide services to the public.

It organizes public expenditures according to government activities and functions, such as defense and social welfare.

It only includes expenditures that result in income redistribution and do not contribute to national income.

It classifies government spending into development and non-development expenditures, where all are considered productive.

Distribution function

Stabilization function

Allocation function

Economic growth function

Development function