Deneme Sınavı Soruları

It shows the relationship between native and migrant workers earnings

It exhibits the relationship between skill and wage of migrated workers

It reveals the relationship between education and wage

It presents the relationship between training and earning

It shows the relationship between costs and benefits of migration

Efficiency price

Bargaining price

Reservation price

Rejection price

Risk price 

The optimal level of schooling is at where the discount rate is equal
to marginal rate of return.

If marginal rate of return is lower than the discount rate, it makes sense for the individual to acquire more schooling.

As the individual acquires additional years of schooling, the marginal rate of return becomes bigger.

Continuing to invest beyond S* years make sense since additional years
will have a return more than the discount rate r0.

the lower the discount rate, the more heavily future earnings streams are
discounted to today.

It assumes that schooling increases the productivity of workers. 

It argues that schooling does not add to worker productivity

It states that technology is also important besides schooling

It assumes that effect of schooling to earnings change from country to country.

It indicates that more schooling causes worse life standarts.

S₁

S^*

S^**

origin

r1

Individual skills and productivity

Collective bargaining

Minimum wages

Social welfare benefits

Market dynamics

FV = 1000 + 1000(0.5) = 1500 TL

FV = 1000 + 1000(0.4) = 1400 TL

FV = 1000 + 1000(0.3) = 1300 TL

FV = 1000 + 1000(0.2) = 1200 TL

FV = 1000 + 1000(0.1) = 1100 TL

Manufacturing

Construction

Transportation

Electricity, Gas, Steam And Air Conditioning Supply

Mining And Quarrying 

higher, lower

lower,higher

lower, lower

higher,higher

higher, constant

the MRR schedule is downward sloping

If MRR is greater than the discount rate,  it makes sense for the individual to acquire more schooling

The optimal level of schooling will also be higher for individuals with higher MRR schedules

MRR schedules may differ among individuals due to ability differences. 

Higher-ability individuals MRR schedule is always higher than that of lower-ability individuals. 

Rate of return to schooling

Total rate of return to schooling

marginal rate of return to schooling

Average rate of return to schooling

marginal rate of return to investment

Indifference curve

Engel curve

Income consumption curve 

Price consumption curve 

Consumption curve 

The concave shape of the isoprofit curve reflects the idea that safety expenditures have increasing marginal returns

If a firm is operating at point A, the initial safety expenditures will have a relatively high impact

At point A, the company will focus on reducing the hazards that are most difficult to fix.

At point A, since firm’s efforts hardly reduce the probablity of injury the firm needs to significantly lower wages to maintain a constant level of profits.

At point C, the firm would not need to reduce wages in order to maintain its profits in the face of a safety program.

MRP>VMP

MRP

MRP=VMP

MRP<0

-1

0,71

0,76

0,80

1,06

1,33

agriculture

heavy industry

high tech industry

qualified service sector

mining

I and II

I, II and III

I, III and IV

II, III and IV

I, II, III and IV

5%

13%

29%

33%

41%

3

5

6

10

12

to interview people

making observations

to conduct surveys

to conduct experiments 

to conduct participatory observation