Deneme Sınavı Soruları

It solely increases the number of workers in the labor market.

It enhances individual productivity, labor force participation, and reduces healthcare costs.

It focuses only on the physical well-being of workers without considering education or training.

It replaces the need for investments in physical capital such as machinery and infrastructure.

It leads to immediate economic growth without requiring long-term investment strategies.

Health workforce

Health information

Medical products and technologies

Universal health coverage

Governance

Only I

Only II

I and II

I and III

II and III

It emphasizes the isolated behavior of individual health components.

It applies linear forms of analysis to study health interventions.

It focuses on the interdependence and interactions within the system.

It limits solutions to direct medical interventions.

It excludes social and environmental factors from health analysis.

It eliminates direct charges at the point of service through general taxation.

It relies on private healthcare providers with minimal government regulation.

It uses compulsory health insurance funded by payroll contributions.

It is entirely dependent on employer-sponsored private insurance.

It provides universal healthcare solely through state-owned hospitals.

The Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (TMMDA) is responsible for setting pharmaceutical prices.

Since 2004, Türkiye has used the external reference price system, which relies on the prices of medications in five EU countries.

The Social Security Institution (Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu) sets the prices of pharmaceutical products.

The TL/Euro exchange rate has no effect on the pharmaceutical prices in Türkiye.

Marketing authorization from the TMMDA is not necessary for pharmaceutical products sold in Türkiye.

It is voluntary and covers only specific healthcare services.

It relies on charitable donations from international organizations.

It requires mandatory contributions from employees and employers.

It primarily finances healthcare through direct out-of-pocket payments.

It is exclusively funded through government taxation.

Advances in public health

Improvements in medical research

Developments in living standards

Expansion of alternative medicine

Decline in infant mortality

The duration of time that your insurance plan must cover you before you are eligible to claim a specific benefit.

Any individual, such as a doctor, nurse, or dentist, or institution, such as a hospital or clinic, that offers medical care.

It refers to specific conditions or services that your health plan does not cover.

The maximum amount you will need to pay each year for deductibles and coinsurance, as determined by the insurance company.

Services that typically encompass prenatal care, normal childbirth or delivery services, and routine care provided in a newborn nursery.

To regulate pharmaceutical advertising

To address pharmaceutical procurement, regulation, and distribution

To establish private pharmaceutical companies

To promote the use of over-the-counter medications

To increase pharmaceutical imports

HTA ensures that pharmaceutical prices are lowered through direct price controls.

HTA evaluates the clinical and cost-effectiveness of new pharmaceuticals before they are approved for reimbursement.

HTA primarily focuses on determining the ceiling prices of pharmaceuticals without considering their clinical effectiveness.

HTA has no significant impact on pharmaceutical spending as it focuses only on regulatory approval.

HTA solely determines which drugs should be covered by private insurance policies.

Different product

Few buyers and seller

High transaction costs

Asymmetric information

Free entry and exit to the market

They cannot be used to compare different health interventions.

They always favor individuals with higher income and wealth.

They are unaffected by the respondent's psychological biases.

They do not take into account the impact of social standing on willingness to pay.

They are universally accurate across all types of healthcare interventions.

By comparing the costs of different healthcare providers

By determining the government’s healthcare budget allocations

By evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatments through clinical trials

By measuring direct costs such as medical fees and hospital expenses

By surveying individuals on the maximum amount they would pay for a risk reduction

They affect people beyond the direct users.

They only impact hospitals.

They lower medical costs.

They improve pharmaceutical profits.

They only concern government regulations.

 Competitive healthcare markets discourage advancements in service quality.

Hospitals in monopolistic markets are more likely to offer lower prices due to lack of competition.

Bundled payments reduce the need for coordination among healthcare providers.

The capitation model ensures high-quality care by reimbursing hospitals for each service provided.

The fee-for-service model encourages higher service volumes but may lead to unnecessary treatments and reduces overall expenditures in healthcare

The cost of producing one more unit.

The total hospital budget.

The highest treatment price allowed.

A tax imposed on health services.

The revenue of insurance companies.

Patients and providers act for personal benefit.

Doctors always act selflessly.

Governments always control prices.

Patients ignore costs in decisions.

Only pharmaceutical companies have self-interest.