1
When did the concept of accountability first appear?
The era of William I in 11th-century England.
Accountability, Transparency, and Ethics
- 20 soru-cevap
- Introductıon to Publıc Admınıstratıon (ENG)
2
What is the definition of accountability?
The principle according to which a person or institution is responsible for a set of duties and can be required to give an account of their fulfillment to an authority that is in a position to issue rewards or punishment.
3
What are the three components of accountability?
An accountant, an account holder, and a set of clearly defined rules according to which the accountant is held responsible.
4
What are the two dimensions of traditional model of accountability?
While politicians are responsible to citizens, bureaucrats are answerable to politicians.
5
What is the aim of traditional public accountability?
To prevent or at least decrease as much as possible corruption and maladministration in the public sector.
6
What does "New Public Management" stand for?
The use of private sector management techniques in government and the transfer of government functions to private bodies.
7
What are the eight steps of performance based accountability?
Defining Outcomes
Defining Outputs
Developing effective measurement mechanisms
Linking programs to outputs and outcomes
Defining adequate standards
Defining adequate improvement
Defining responsibility
Linking inputs to outputs
8
What is the aim of performance-based accountability?
To increase the effectiveness of public programs and, therefore, make public programs as good as possible.
9
What is the definition of transparency?
The process through which public authorities make decisions should be understandable and open; the decisions themselves should be reasoned; as far as possible, the information on which the decisions are based should be available to the public.
10
According to Söderman's definition, what are the dimensions of transparency?
Public officers should provide necessary information about their decisions to the public.
The idea of transparency is an inevitable result of a democratic system that requires active citizens in the public sphere.
Transparency prevents corruption and maladministration by avoiding the misuse of bureaucratic authority and sources.
Transparency enhances the legitimacy of the bureaucracy.
Transparency creates trust between the bureaucracy and the citizens.
11
When was the idea of transparency introduced first?
1766
12
Which regulations introduced transparency in United States?
Administration Procedures Act (APA) in 1946 and the Freedom of Information and the Government in the Sunshine Act in 1976.
13
According to Weber, what are the two sources that bureaucratic secrecy stems from?
The functional necessity of bureaucratic issues and the bureaucratic obsession with secrecy.
14
What is the difference between traditional bureaucratic accountability and bureaucratic secrecy?
Traditional bureaucratic accountability is limited to legality, which provides ample scope for bureaucratic secrecy. In turn, bureaucratic secrecy creates opportunities for corruption, bribery, maladministration, and misuse of public authority and sources.
15
What is taxparency?
The obligation to ensure equity of access to public funds for all interested suppliers who are qualified for the field in which the public auction will be held.
16
What is the definition of ethics?
System or code of conduct based on universal moral duties and obligations which indicate how one should behave; it deals with the ability to distinguish good from evil, right from wrong and propriety from impropriety.
17
According to Goss, what are the two dominant traditions or paradigms for public administration ethics?
bureaucratic ethos
democratic ethos
18
What are the "Seven Principles of Public Life," developed by the Committee on Standards in Public Life in Great Britain?
Selflessness
Integrity
Objectivity
Accountability
Openness
Honesty
Leadership
19
What is the goal of Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption?
To promote measures to fight against corruption and support African countries in developing criteria for ethics, transparency, and accountability in the public sector.
20
Which regulations did Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries adopt to increase the quality of public administration?
Anti- Bribery Convention in 1997
The Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Service in 1998
Guidelines for Managing Conflict-of- Interest in the Public Sector in 2003