How far did the Achaemenid Empire, which was founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BCE, expand its borders?
“The Achaemenid Empire, which was founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BCE and lasted until Alexander the Great’s conquest in 330 BCE. The Achaemenid Empire spanned three continents and covered an area that extended from present-day Iran to Greece, Egypt, and parts of Central Asia.”
When did The Safavids rule Iran?
“The Safavids were a dynasty of Turkish origin that ruled over Iran from 1501 to 1736.”
Which leader did establish Twelver Shi’ism as the state religion in Iran?
“Ismail I (Shah Ismail), who established Twelver Shi’ism as the state religion and made Iran a major power in the region.”
Which belief was at the center of the common identity, during the Safavid period?
“The Shi’ite belief lies at the center of the common identity.”
When did Reza Khan put an end to the Qajar dynasty with a military coup and declare himself Shah?
“Reza Khan ended the Qajar dynasty with a military coup in 1925 and declared himself Shah”
Which political movements did challenge the political authority in Iran, during the 1940s?
During the 1940s, two political movements challenged the political authority: the socialist-leaning Tudeh Party and the middle-class nationalist National Front movement led by Muhammad Mosaddeq.”
When was the Iran-Iraq War?
“The Iran-Iraq War was a long and devastating conflict fought between 1980 and 1988 between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq.”
What did Iran agree to do according to The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2015?
“The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal, is an agreement reached between Iran and a group of big powers (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, and China) in 2015. Under the terms of the agreement, Iran agreed to limit its nuclear program and allow international inspections of its nuclear facilities in exchange for the lifting of international sanctions.”
What is the name of the government institution, which is an advisory body that mediates disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council, and advises the Supreme Leader on important national issues?
“The Expediency Council: An advisory body that mediates disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council, and advises the Supreme Leader on important national issues.”
What is the term used in Shia Islam to refer to the concept of “Guardianship of the Jurist” or “Rule of the Islamic Jurist?
“Velayat-i faqih” (also spelled “velayat-e faqih”) is a term used in Shia Islam to refer to the concept of “Guardianship of the Jurist” or “Rule of the Islamic Jurist”.
When was the Iranian Constitution adopted?
“The Iranian Constitution was adopted in 1979 after the Islamic Revolution and has been amended several times since then.”
What are the factors that limit the constitutional rights of citizens in Iran?
“While the constitution guarantees certain rights to citizens, these rights are limited by the religious and political ideology of the state and the dominance of the Supreme Leader.”
By whom is the Supreme Leader formally elected and appointed in Iran?
“The Supreme Leader is formally elected and appointed by the Assembly of Religious Experts.”
How often presidential elections are held in Iran?
“Presidential elections in Iran are held every four years and are a significant event in the country’s political calendar.”
What are the qualifications that must be met by the candidates for the presidency in Iran?
“Candidates for the presidency in Iran must meet several qualifications, including being a Shia Muslim, being between the ages of 40 and 75, and having a degree from an accredited institution of higher learning. All candidates must also be approved by the Guardian Council.”
How many members does the Iranian Parliament have?
“The parliament of Iran is called the Islamic Consultative Assembly or Majles, which has 290 members.”
Until when were political party activities not allowed in Iran?
“Until Mohammad Khatami was elected in 1997, political party activities were not allowed in Iran, even though the constitution allowed it.”
What is the difference between Iran and Western democracies concerning the establishment of political parties?
“There are no institutionalized political parties in Iran similar to Western democracies. In general, parties are established temporarily before the elections by social or ideological organizations to support their candidates and disappear after the elections.”
What are the two broad categories of political parties in Iran?
“The basic political parties in Iran can be broadly categorized into two groups: conservative and reformist.”
What are the examples of conservative parties in Iran?
“Examples of conservative parties include the Islamic Republic of Iran Party (IRIP) and the Combatant Clergy Association.”