1
What do abiotic conditions consist of?
“Abiotic conditions consist of a world of inanimate elements such as soil.”
Basic Concepts and Principles of Environmental Policy
- 21 soru-cevap
- Urban and Envıronmental Polıcy (ENG)
2
What are the three main parts that make up the environment?
“The environment is divided into three main parts:
The physical environment
The natural environment (The living (biotic) and non-living environment)
The social environment.”
3
What are the two categories of the physical environment?
“Physical environment can be divided into two categories: natural environment (soil, water, sun, mountain, plain, sea, lake, etc.) and artificial environment (city, highway, dam, pond, etc.)."
4
What are the main examples of living (biotic) elements in the environment?
“Humans, vegetation, animal communities, and microorganisms are examples of living (biotic) elements in the environment.”
5
When did ecological problems begin to gain a global dimension?
“After 1960, ecological problems began to take on a global scale, and the causes of the problem were addressed in a multifaceted manner, tying ecology to social sciences.”
6
What does the hydrological cycle mean?
“The hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle, refers to the movement of water back into the atmosphere as precipitation from land and ocean surfaces.”
7
What is the importance of the hydrological cycle?
“The hydrological cycle is critical to the survival of life."
8
How does global warming affect the hydrological cycle?
“Global warming has an impact on the hydrological cycle due to the increased greenhouse effect.”
9
What are the basic factors that put pressure on the environment and natural resources?
“Due to fast industrialization, irregular urbanization, rapid population increase, and limited consumption resources, the environment and natural resources are under pressure.”
10
According to WHO statistics, what is the percentage of the world’s population that has a high level of pollution?
“According to WHO statistics, 99% of the world’s population has high levels of pollution.”
11
What are the main causes of soil degradation?
“Water and wind erosion are the main causes of soil degradation (Lal, 2004).”
12
According to the Global Assessment of Human-Induced Soil Degradation (GLASOD), what was the percentage of desertification which affected the world’s land in the early 1990s?
According to the Global Assessment of Human-Induced Soil Degradation (GLASOD), in the early 1990s, desertification affected 15% of all the world’s land.
13
What is the dangerous noise level for live organisms according to the World Health Organization?
"According to the World Health Organization, regardless of how long or constant the exposure is, live organisms are not harmed by sound levels lower than 70 dB. Long-term exposure to noise levels over 85 dB may be dangerous."
14
What is the safe sound level for living organisms according to the World Health Organization?
"According to the World Health Organization, regardless of how long or constant the exposure is, live organisms are not harmed by sound levels lower than 70 dB."
15
How does noise pollution affect marine mammals (whales and dolphins)?
“Noise pollution affects the feeding habits, breeding patterns, and migration routes of marine mammals (whales and dolphins), even killing them.”
16
What are the human diseases caused by noise pollution?
“Noise pollution causes the following human diseases: hypertension, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, child development, cardiovascular dysfunctions, dementia, and psychological dysfunctions.”
17
When does the risk of wildfire increase?
“Wildfire risk rises during times of dryness and strong winds.”
18
How many people were impacted by wildfires and volcanic activity between 1998 and 2017?
“6.2 million people were impacted by wildfires and volcanic activity between 1998 and 2017.”
19
What are the three stages of environmental policies?
“Implementation stages of environmental policies;
1- Diagnosing the Problem: Measuring the value judgments of the people give to the environment,
2- Examination and comparison of intervention methods and selection of the most appropriate method,
3- Implementation of the determined policies within the decision mechanisms.”
20
What is the main purpose of the principles of environmental policy?
“The legislative frameworks for environmental protection or sustainable development are established by environmental principles. The Principles offer direction to governments, giving EU law a clear shape and purpose for national laws and decision-makers."
21
What is the basic aim of “the precautionary principle” of environmental policy?
“The precautionary principle is a practical strategy to reduce pollution and harm to the
environment (Bai and Cheng, 2019).”