What are the core topics in urban and environmental policy (UEP)?
Core topics in UEP are water issues (where our water comes from); wastes and hazards issues (sources and impacts of pollution); climate change transportation and land use issues (where we work and live and commute); nature in the city (the urban environment); and food system issues (where our food comes from and how it is manufactured and sold) the intersection of science and policy and others
Who are Policy actors?
Policy actors refer to “any individual or group that is directly or indirectly, formally or informally, affiliated with or affected by the policy process at any stage”
What are the fundamental topics that UEP delas with?
UEP deals with a wide range of issues such as urbanization policies, environmental problems, and a comparison between national and international policies, the subject explores the various types of policy actors.
What does Public nature represents?
Public nature represents public sector organizations that are established under and operate in accordance with public law and are in public ownership and provide public services through public personnel for the purpose of public interest
What was stated at the 11th Development Plan of Türkiye (2019-2023)?
It was stated that, “In order to improve the original identity of the cities; a support program for local administrations will be developed by İller Bankası A.Ş. (ILBANK) to preserve and revitalize natural, historical and cultural values”.
What is ILBANk related to?
ILBANK is the related institution to the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change.
Who are the major actors of Trialogue Model?
Trialogue between Public Sector Organizations, Private Sector Organizations and Civil actors.
How the UEP actors are classified in terms of their scale?
The distinguished UEP actors in terms of their scale are : local, national, regional, and international.
Why is the information- and technology-intensive economy of today has required a new spatial arrangement?
Global capital has reorganized its own mobility and market and increased the importance of locality and the city. In this process, the urban economy transforms into a network economy consisting of transportation, communication, trade, service, technological innovation, and information networks.
What is the most significant effect of the information- and technology-intensive economy?
In this new economic order, cities have been the center of accumulation and consumption. With a greater appreciation of the UEP, supranational actors such as the World Bank and the United Nations (UN) have emphasized the power of cities as an investment place in terms of development and made policies based on a network of interest groups. These interest groups may include national governments, local administrations, urban entrepreneurs, large companies, banks, and social groups.
How UEP actors can be classified in terms of their interests?
The third typology divides the UEP actors into three categories in terms of their interests: political, economic, and social.
How can the partnership between three components of urban governance be described?
The partnership between three components of urban governance can be described as “political community … has interdependent relationships with, the market as an organized economic community and civil society as an organized social community”.
13- What was the main reason of increased expectancy of average life?
the rise in the standard of medicine, health, nutrition, and living with the scientific revolution that started in the 1950s, both the population and the average life expectancy increased.
What are the key factors in UEP in 1950s?
National/federal governments,
What was the main role of the government in 1970s?
Enacting a set of urban planning and environmental regulations Taking action on human settlements and urbanization with adverse effects on the environment Obtaining maximum social, economic, and environmental benefits for all.
What was the main effect of neoliberal policies since the 1980s?
As a result of neoliberal policies since the 1980s, capital-oriented competitive development also showed itself in the UEP. A paradigm shift from Keynesian strategies to neoliberal economy politics emphasized free-market and entrepreneurialism while engaging local groups and NGOs in the project-based urban development
Why are the Local governments are so important for UEP?
Local governments, as the closest administrative units to the public, are one of the key actors in urban development.
How can the The primary municipal services in urban and environmental issues in Türkiye be classified?
The primary municipal services in urban and environmental issues in Türkiye can be grouped under the following headings
Why are the political parties are expected to draw attention to emerging urban and ecological crises?
One of the important functions of political parties is to ensure political participation and integration of citizens within the system. With the widespread industrialization and urbanization, the extension of metropolitan areas in return for the invasion of rural areas has also increased the weight of local governments, especially municipalities, in the UEP planning. Therefore, political parties are expected to draw attention to emerging urban and ecological crises.
What are the roles of International Organizations (IOs) on perspectives on global governance?
International organizations (IOs) come together under common economic, political, social, and cultural purposes and develop global and/or regional strategies. They can use sanctions against member states in compliance with international law. IOs play a catalyst role in setting an agenda and forming coalitions.