Deneme Sınavı Soruları

The Ottoman Empire was a feudal state and differed from European feudalism in state and class structure.

The Ottoman system was not based on a privileged relationship between an independent small peasantry and the centralist state.

As the centralist bureaucratic state was guaranteeing the healthy reproduction of peasants, the surplus agricultural product was collected by the state officials as taxes for the cost of this guarantee. 

A local power between the state and peasantry was seen as positive for the resources of centralist bureaucracy and independent peasantry.

Centralist authority always permitted the emergence of prominent big landowners.

land-use planning

road construction

industry and trade

water and sewage services

waste management

Single-party regime

Bureaucracy

Transcendental state

Monopoly

Etatism

Local administrations are created to meet the common needs of the people living in the country.

Local administrations have public legal entities. In other words, they are public corporate bodies. Therefore, they are autonomous organizations. Local administrations have administrative and financial autonomy.

General decision-making organs of local administrations are elected by local voters.

The formation, functions, and authorities of local administrations are established by law in line with the principle of decentralization.

Loss of status and objections regarding the status of elected organs of local administrations are resolved by the judiciary.

Public authorities

Central administrations

Public authorities

Democratic values

Local administrations

Increasing bureaucratic control over public employees

Adoption of private sector management techniques in public administration

Reduction of government expenditure on public personnel

The abolition of merit-based hiring in public institutions

Expansion of public employment opportunities

Provincial Executive Committee

General Provincial Council

Governor

The General Secretary

Municipality

Transition to a centralized examination system

Adoption of HRM principles in public administration

Removal of all public personnel laws

Elimination of performance-based evaluations

Reduction in government workforce

Civil servants are allowed to join political parties as long as they do not actively promote them.

Civil servants can refuse any order from a superior if they disagree with it personally.

Civil servants must submit property declarations for themselves and their families according to the law.

Civil servants are required to work a minimum of 50 hours per week.

Civil servants can take official documents home if they are needed for work purposes.

The governor is elected by the people of the province for a 5-year term.

The governor is appointed by the President and serves as their representative in the province.

The governor can override presidential decrees if necessary.

The governor does not have the authority to supervise provincial bureucrats.

The governor can directly appoint district governors without presidential approval.

the effects of Western societies

the economic decline

the defeat of the army against the West

the change of the status of the Şeyhülislam’s Office

the loss of power

After 1960, the low-ranking officers within the army took some precautions to prevent such an experience. Hierarchical bounds were strengthened, and military forces became an autonomous entity.

DP’s ability to appreciate particular features of the Turkish military and to design suitable strategies accordingly and their tendency to interpret civilian control as the relegation of the military had been critical in the 1960 coup.

The military rule of 1960, like the 1980 coup, was wide open, from the beginning, to cooperation and interaction with civilians.

The 1960 and 1980 military coups were same with 1971 intervention because they pointed to a radical break from the existing institutional orders.

The 1960 and 1980 military interventions have different characteristics in terms of the actors involved. Although the 1960 military coup was the act of middle-ranking officers, the 1980 military coup was the act of high-ranking officers and was based on a hierarchical structure. 

Being a Turkish citizen

Being at least 40 years old

Having a higher education degree

Having previously served as a deputy in the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (GNAT)

Being nominated by a political party or at least 100,000 voters

Municipality

Executive Committee

Neighbourhood

The General Provincial Council

Special provincial administration

Only A

Only B

I and II

I, II and IV

III, IV and V

Civil servants receive training only before entering public service.

In-service training is optional and depends on the civil servant’s preference.

Each institution should establish a training unit responsible for organizing training activities.

In-service training is only conducted within the country and cannot involve foreign institutions.

There is no official plan for training civil servants in Turkey.

They draft and implement laws without requiring approval from the President.

They advise the President on policy development and monitor ministries.

They serve as independent regulatory bodies free from presidential oversight.

They function as legislative committees that approve new government policies.

They oversee the judicial branch and ensure compliance with executive decisions.

To completely transfer power from the central government to local authorities.

To enable local decision-makers to act independently of national policies.

To balance central authority with local autonomy for more effective governance.

To eliminate the need for central oversight in local decision-making.

To ensure that all decisions are made exclusively by elected officials at the local level.

State Economic Enterprises (KİT)

Chamber of Engineers and Architects

Higher-Education Council (YÖK)

Turkish Radio-Television Corporation (TRT)

The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Demonstrating behavior that upholds the respect and trust of their position.

Protecting and maintaining state property assigned to them.

Participating in political and ideological demonstrations when off duty.

Complying with the dress code determined by law and regulations.

Being present at work during their official working hours.