1
Who did define public management reform as ‘deliberate attempts to change the structures, processes, and/or cultures of public sector organizations with the objective of getting them (in some sense) to run better.’?
Pollitt and Bouckaert
Administrative Reforms in Türkiye
- 21 soru-cevap
- Turkısh Publıc Admınıstratıon (ENG)
2
Which field of the Ottoman decline was particularly noticeable and what was the the Empire Rulers' decision for restoration, according to Lewis?
The Ottoman decline was particularly noticeable in the military field and the rulers of the Empire decided that selected adoptions of military technology were necessary in order to restore the declining military capability (Lewis, 1968).
3
Which Ottoman Sultan has been regarded as the father of Ottoman Westernisationas an advocate of general reform in the state before Tanzimat?
Sultan Selim III (reigned from 1789 to 1807).
4
Which Ottoman Empire has abolished the Janissaries in 1826 and established a European-style army called Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye?
Sultan Mahmud II (reigned from 1808 to 1839).
5
In which fields the statesmen of Tanzimat has envisaged as necessary to regenerate the state?
The statesmen of Tanzimat pursued social, economic, legal, and political reforms, envisaged as necessary to regenerate the state.
6
What did the central bureaucracy decide for the integrity of the empire or for the preservation of the imperial political and social system?
The central bureaucracy decided that westernisation and western alliance, were the only way out, when the integrity of the empire or the preservation of the imperial political and social system was concerned.
7
Which social mechanism desired to build a modern nation-state through a comprehensive socio-cultural change in line with Western civilisation?
The ruling elite of the new Republic desired to build a modern nation-state through a comprehensive socio-cultural change in line with Western civilisation.
8
Which problem was the critical issue for the Turkish state in the 1920s and 1930s, when the radical reforms pursued by the new regime is concerned?
The consolidation of state power
9
When did the transition to a multi-party political system realized so that the Democratic Party (DP) defeated the Republican People’s Party in the 1950 general elections and came to power?
In 1946
10
Which of the two important institutions were established right after the 1960 military coup and before the new Constitution was ratified?
The State Planning Organisation (SPO) and the State Personnel Department
11
Which interest points were inculuded the content of the MEHTAP Report (Report on the Central Government Organization Research Project) documented in 1963, concentrating on the organization and functions of central government departments and to determine whether the present arrangements were most appropriate to the efficient performance of these functions?
The report pointed out insufficiency in financial resources, inadequate personnel, lack of direction and control, organizational deficiencies, red tape, and ill organized centralization as main factors that caused inefficiencies in the functions of central administrative departments.
12
What was the main difference of the 1971 military intervention when compared to the previos act taken place in 1960?
This time the intervention was indirect, and instead of taking over the government, the military closely manipulated the composition of the cabinets and their policies.
13
What was the spectacular outcome of the two reform proposals slimmmerly implemented Turkish Public Administration during the 1970s were even slimmer than they were during the 1960s?
Administrative reform attempts did not once again go beyond preparation of administrative reform packages, and thus failed to produce concrete and practical results” (Berkman and Heper, 2002:157)
14
What was the main charecteristic approach difference of the 1980 act when compared with the previous military intervention acts in 1960 & 1971?
Administrative Reforms Between 1980-2000
In contrast to the previous reform attempts, the post-1980 reform efforts placed more importance on the implementation process rather than producing comprehensive research reports, although with limited success (Heper, 1989; İdareyi Geliştirme Başkanlığı, 1994).
In contrast to the previous reform attempts, the post-1980 reform efforts placed more importance on the implementation process rather than producing comprehensive research reports, although with limited success (Heper, 1989; İdareyi Geliştirme Başkanlığı, 1994).
15
What was the main political approach of the Motherland Party (Anavatan Partisi “ANAP”) the winner of the 1983 general elections, uring its rule from 1983 to 1991?
The Motherland Party Governments embraced neoliberal economic policies and employed free market-oriented policies and took measures toward reforming government bureaucracies in line with neoliberal policies.
16
What was the aim of the Public Administration Research Project: KAYA?
The aim of KAYA was to study the existing structure of central administration, its field organization (taşra örgütü), and local administrations and make recommendations in order to improve their efficiency and effectiveness.
17
What are the outcomes of the KAYA Report published in 1991?
Some of the proposals can be summarised as follows:
- shifting power from central government to local administrations,
- establishing an Ombudsman system,
- establishing an effective coordination system in public administration,
- strengthening the control and auditing function,
- improving relations with the public...
18
What was the main indication of the OECD Report in 1998?
In 1998, the OECD’s country report on Türkiye again indicated the need to improve public management in terms of organization, operation, and personnel structure.
19
What was the main external dynamic iniative forcing Türkiye to implement extensive reforms in a number of areas, including public administration?
After being designated as a candidate country at the Summit of the Council of Europe held in Helsinki in December 1999, Türkiye implemented extensive reforms in a number of areas, including public administration, in order to fully comply with the political criteria for EU membership.
20
What are the three core principles which are grouped as broad categories, regarding the New Public Management” (NPM) approach?
The core principles of NPM can be grouped into three broad categories: (1) the application of markettype mechanisms, (2) organizational restructuring, and (3) a focus on performance.
21
Which points of intrest were listed in line with democratization policies in Türkiye, has been another essential component of the administrative reform agenda?
Governance reforms aimed at improving;
- transparency,
- accountability,
- responsiveness,
- participation within public administration.