What is the definition of political communication?
The use of various types and techniques of communication by political actors to impose their ideological goals and policies on certain groups, masses, states, or (ideological or political) blocs and when necessary, to putthem into action and implement them.
In 2023, which social platform application did people spend the most time on in Türkiye?
What is the root cause of the concern that AI may undermine the traditional belief in the authenticity of visual and audio evidence?
Artificial Intelligence Systems have the potential to enable the creation of convincing montage videos featuring politicians uttering false and alarming statements.
What is participatory culture?
Participatory culture is a community where users in the position of “prosumer” (producer consumer) reach the highest point in content production and where they produce and consume content easily and quickly (Koç, 2020, p. 905).
How do the specific features of social network impact political participation?
High production low cost: Parties, leaders, and voters have immediate access to all
information
Any communication is a direct connection between sender and receiver: Direct communication between the manager and the managed
Receivers’ communication choices: Election campaigns in the direction that voters expect
Information speed: Fast, continuous, and up-to-date information on every subject
Feedback ability: Positive and negative feedback from voters about the election campaign carried out by the parties
Not affiliated with a specific center: Not affiliated with a specific area
Worldwide: Various sources of information around the world
What is disinformation?
Information that is false or that is intentionally disseminated even though it is not factual, and/or the distortion of this information.
What are crises?
The periods of critical events that disrupts the daily routine in societies with a sense of surprise, threat and uncertainty that shakes people’s understanding of their world.
What are the four categories of crises?
• Natural disasters (Acts of God)
• Crises caused by mechanical problems
• Crises caused by human errors
• Crises caused by managerial decision/indecision
What are the four phases of crisis communication according to Coombs?
Prevention, preparation, response, and revision.
What is the law that went into effect in Türkiye in 2020 to counteract disinformation?
Law on the Regulation of Broadcasts on the Internet and the Law on Combating Crimes Committed Through These Broadcasts
What are the reasons of increase in social media use during times of crisis?
What are some of the models in the context of crisis communication?
Apologia, image repair theory, (IRT) and rhetorical arena.
What are the four stances in crisis response strategies of Coomb's Situational Crisis Communication Theory?
Denial, diminish, rebuild, bolstering.
What are some of the theoretical frameworks for analyzing crisis communication other than Coombs', particularly within the context of social media?
Social-Mediated Crisis Communication (SMCC) and Networked Crisis Communication (NCC)
What are some of the crises experienced in the 80s that led to crises management to become a significant discipline?
Bhopal disaster, Exxon Valdez accident, Tylenol crisis, Zeebrugge ferry accident and Piper Alpha accident.
What are the four methods for successful crisis management stated by Dallaryan?
What is the Strategic Thinking Method suggested by Dallaryan for crisis management?
Strategic Thinking: This method can be explained as making decisions based on intuition in a crisis environment. This requires the knowledge and experience of the team members as well as the concrete data at hand. In this method, which is considered as a synthesis method, managers, and the team act as a filter.
What are the six steps in Littlejohn’s crisis model?
The first step is to establish the crisis management organizational structure. This is followed by selecting the members of the crisis team. Once the crisis management team is in place, it should be trained to use simulations and training tools. The next step is to create and monitor a crisis, evaluate the scenario, and prepare an emergency plan. The last step of the model is to manage the crisis.
According to Bostdorff, what are the advantages that a political crisis could create?
• People’s involvement in a threat
• Legitimizes the need for quick action
• Bringing people together to respond to a crisis
• It provides the need for short-term sacrifices. In interstate relations, a crisis can be used as a pretext or a means of policy change.
What are the four crisis characteristics that Burnet's "Crisis Classification Matrix" is shaped around?
Low or high threat level, reaction situation, time pressure created by the crisis, and level of control.