1
According to Moore, why is it important for the administrators to create public value successfully?
According to Moore, once public value is successfully created by the public administrators in multiple cases, that will trigger a domino effect which may, in turn, cause institutional change and improvement of performance (Moore, 1995: 4).
2
What does the strategic triangle consist of in Moore’s public value framework? There are three primary components that comprise the strategic triangle. Legitimacy and support, operational capabilities, and the public value itself.
3
Why is legitimacy important in the public value creation process?
Legitimacy is a critical element because the judgment about the necessity to create public value to improve a specific condition needs to be supported by others as well. In other words, more than one person and organization need to agree on the value of spending resources and employing organizational capacity to improve certain conditions.
4
What does the public value chain aim to show?
The value chain represents the operational capacity portion of the strategic triangle that connects different kinds of inputs, such as money and authority, to value production mechanisms, such as policies and rules, which ultimately produce socially desired outcomes.
5
Why is a narrative important for creating public value?
According to Moore (1995: 39-40), a public administrator must present a certain narrative, a specific story about the generation of public value to justify the legitimacy of public value creation. This story serves as a mechanism to gain and maintain authority from the proper authorizing agencies that provide legitimacy and resources such as the parliaments approving the budgeting process
or enacting authorizing laws and regulations.
6
How does the public value framework relate to the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF)? The centrality of a legitimizing narrative or story in the public value framework is similar to the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) of the public policy literature.
7
How is 'first mover advantage' concept associated with game theory in the context of the private sector?
In the context of the private sector, first-mover advantage describes the benefit that sometimes accrues to the first company to introduce a product or innovation. This perceived potential benefit of consumers identifying the product with the company that first entered the market, makes it harder for other companies to enter the same market later (Christodulelis, 2020). This concept,
which creates an advantage in the competitive process, is associated with game theory.
8
What is the significance of the “first-mover advantage” in the context of public value narratives?
In public value generation, the first story that provides legitimacy, support, and resources for public value creation has the upper hand and an obvious advantage over other rival stories that compete for domination and argue for the generation of different public values (Coates, 2020).
9
What kind of relationship exists between public value and New Public Management (NPM)?
The relationship between the concept of public value and the NPM framework is one of adversity or even hostility. In other words, while the arbiter of value is the individual in the NPM framework, the arbiter of value is the “collective”, or as Moore calls it “We Citizens” (Moore, 1995: 29-30), in the public value framework.
10
How does the public value framework complement the concept of communitarianism?
In the context of public value, communities such as families, neighborhoods, trade unions, and local governments have the potential to make significant contributions to the creation, definition, and measurement of public value. Therefore, it can be argued that the relationship between the public value and communitarianism concepts is positive and in tandem.
11
What is the role of bureaucrats in the public value framework?
It is argued that bureaucrats are “active value-seekers, who orchestrate, legitimate and implement” public value-related processes as they build and manage coalitions of individuals and organizations that provide political support
and ensure a supportive environment (Benington & Moore, 2011: 4-6).
12
How has the public value concept expanded over time?
Later in the evolution of the conceptual framework, it has become a tool that is widely used by managers in the voluntary and nonprofit sectors as well (Moore, 2013: 107). Later evolution of the concept also incorporated individuals
without an organizational affiliation to the public value creation ecosystem and enabled them to become “social entrepreneurs” to contribute to the creation
of public value (or social value) as individual actors (Moore, 2013: 40-41, 429).
13
How do scholars attempt to improve conceptual clarity of public value?
Due to its nature, there is no “one best way” of defining or measuring public value. In other words, public value identification and evaluation is a highly subjective process with non standard outcomes. Despite this subjectivity, scholars of public value tirelessly work for greater clarity and better
conceptualization of the public value concept. To this end, they try to identify and categorize most, if not all, the public values examined and employed
in the literature.
14
What kind of value categories did Jørgensen and Bozeman propose? The proposed value categories are as follows: Public sector’s contribution to society, transformation of interests into decisions, relationship between public administrators and politicians, relationship between public administrators and their environment, intra-organizational aspects of public, behavior of public-sector employees, relationship between public administration and the
citizens.
15
Why did Van Gestel et al. (2008) come up with an alternative listing and categorization of public values in public-private networks?
Public value categories and subcategories can differ when they are created in different organizational settings such as government agencies as hierarchical structures, voluntary and nongovernmental organizations, or public management networks. Therefore, as an alternative listing and categorization of public values, Van Gestel et al. (2008) identified and explained five categories of public
values in public-private networks.
16
What is the main public value generated in the Molenwaard Municipality smart city case?
The first public value created in this case is cost efficiency since the same operational results are achieved without spending 15 million euros for a municipal building.
17
How does the ombudsman institution in Türkiye relate to public value creation?
Çubukçu (2022) concluded that the ombudsman institution plays an important role in Türkiye in ensuring accountability, transparency, and citizen participation in public administration.
18
Under which headings can the criticisms related to the concept of public value and its application in the public sector be categorized?
The Criticism of Having an Unclear Definition
The Criticism of Operationalization and Measurement Problems
The Criticism of Lacking Consistency
19
What is the primary criticism of the public value framework regarding definition?
Moore (1995) did not provide a clear-cut definition of public value when he first systematically proposed the concept in 1995. In addition, there were strong criticisms arguing that neither the public nor the value is defined explicitly in the public value framework, under the roof of which competing and
conflicting values coexist (Benington & Moore, 2011: 20).
20
What is the critism related to public value framework when the unethical and illegal aspects matter?
When government activities are evaluated as a whole from the perspective of the
public value framework, how can the unethical and illegal aspects be analyzed as creating public value? This is both a practical and ethical criticism as the public value framework turns its head away when there is evidence of the gray or dark areas of government activities, exemplified by human rights abuses, war crimes, and espionage (Benington and Moore, 2011: 19).