Deneme Sınavı Soruları

Psychological violence.

Structural violence.

Latent violence.

Cultural violence.

Latent violence.

I and II

I, II, and III

I and IV

II and IV

I, II, III, and IV

Johan Galtung

Noam Chomsky

Martin Luther King

Malcolm X

Gandhi

crimes

data

arms

legitimation

geography

Human nature is good. Thus, peace is a prime force for human behavior.

Wars are inevitable.

Violence is not natural. It is a learned and ‘sinful’ behavior.

Since violence is learned, peace can be learned too.

Durable peace can only be achieved through peaceful means. 

Averting violent conflict by promoting compromise

Perpetual peace

Sustainable peace

Positive peace

Negative peace

Collaborative peace

The Ripeness Theory

The Abraham Theory

The Mandela Theory

The Choice Theory

The Gain Theory

Back-channel communication

Front-channel communication

Common ground communication

Process building communication

Settlement communication

1957

1961

1964

1967

1971

Conflict Transformation

Crises Management

Conflict Prevention

Conflict Management

Conflict Resolution

Both parties may not do cost-benefit analysis

It is easy for parties to identify the ripe moment

Both parties may not recognize the ripe moment

The parties may perceive the way out differently

Both parties should perceive the cost as a catastrophe

The efforts to reach an agreement between the adverse parties are called conflict settlement, during which elites of the opposing sides take part in a negotiation process, probably through the mediation of a third party.

The conflict resolution phase refers to the endeavors to resolve the conflict by changing the underlying structural reasons of the conflict and to end the conflict terminally

During the post-Cold War era, the remaining and victorious superpower, the US, played a crucial role in the resolution of inter-state armed conflicts as the hegemonic power of the world system.

“The new world order” emerged in the 1970s prioritized resolving conflicts with strategies realized under an international organization or a coalition.

Major human rights violations, including using chemical weapons against civilians, forceful change of borders, or developing nuclear weapons, have been condemned and confronted by the international community.

Cultural factors: Religion, ethnicity and legacies of colonialism

Political issues: Colonialism, mercantilism, policy of countries to extending control over weaker countries

Socio-economic factors: Poverty, inequlity, political system

Contemporary issues: Proliferation of small arms and light weapons, environmental degradation

Resource curse: Natural resource export and/or exploitation influencing the extent of civil war rather than its inception

Negative Regulation Methods are considerd to solve intra-state conflicts.

Assimilation is a positive regulation method.

Consociational democracy is a negative regulation method.

Secession/partition is a positive regulation method.

Population transfer is a positive regulation method.

Negotiation

Arbitration

Mediation

Democratization

Peacekeeping

Motivation to escape conflict and optimism about a peaceful solution

Interim Cessation of Hostilities in Buldon