Mercantilism refers to an “economic theory and practice common in Europe from the 16th to the 18th century that promoted governmental regulation of a nation’s economy for the purpose of augmenting state power at the expense of rival national powers”

The Peace of Utrecht refers to a series of treaties that ended the War of the Spanish Succession. These were: 

Utrecht 

11 April 1713 – Treaty between France, Great Britain, Holland, Prussia, Portugal, and Savoy 

13 July 1713 – Treaty between Spain and Great Britain 

13 August 1713 – Treaty between Spain and Savoy 

26 June 1714 – Treaty between Spain and Holland 

Rastad and Baden 

6 March / 7 September 1714 – Treaty between France and Austria 

Madrid 

6 February 1715 – Treaty between Spain and Portugal 

15 November 1715 – Barrier Treaty between Holland, France and Austria 

(Spain and Austria finally concluded a treaty at The Hague in February 1720) 

It is usually stated that Klemens von Metternich of Austria was the architect of the Concert of Europe. The correct answer is C.

The Weimar Republic was the unofficial name to describe the German government from 1918 to 1933.

A policy Britain and France applied to both Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. It was first applied to fascist Italian leader Benito Mussolini, who invaded Abyssinia/Ethiopia in 1935.

Being geographically integrated into a single map is one of the characteristics of the 18th century but other options belong to the 19th century. "A" is the correct option.  

Revisionism is the desire to alter the international status quo in a significant way through the violation of treaties and the imposition of territorial change by coercion or the use of force.

The Peace of Utrecht (1713) formally ended the war and codified this “just equilibrium of power” as the “best and most solid basis of mutual friendship and durable harmony”. The Peace of Utrecht refers to a series of treaties that ended the War of the Spanish Succession. 

The Thirty Years’ War started in Bohemia as an uprising of Protestants against the Spanish authorities.

John Calvin was the person who organized the first ‘reformed’ church, later known as Calvinist, in Geneva in 1536. Calvin believed that the sovereignty of people was supreme and that they had a right to revolt against bad government.

The principal actors, known as the “Big Four”, were Great Britain, France, Italy, and the United States.

Entente Powers, also known Allies or Allied Powers, refer to the coalition of
states during the First World War fought against the Central Powers.

They were actors in a Hobbesian world where the anarchic nature of the European system allowed each unit to move without constraint or domination of one another.

From early 1920s onwards, there had been a series of attempts at disarmament. The Washington Naval Conference between 1921 and 1922 was one of the first organized efforts to do so.

Germany 

Diplomacy simply means the conduct of relations between states by official agents through peaceful means.

Nazi regime is related to Second World War

Germany, Italy, and volunteers from other countries such as Portugal and France also joined the Spanish Civil War on the side of the nationalists. The correct answer is C.

The major Entente offensive aimed at the Turkish Straits was the Gallipoli Campaign (Dardanel Battles). Though the initial naval attack failed, fighting on this front lasted from 17 February 1915 until January 1916, when the Turks prevailed