Booting is the process of starting or restarting a computer.

B2B, or business to business is an e-commerce model in which both sides of the exchange are businesses. Therefore the manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer are all businesses which have a B2B relationship with each other.

Data mining is the main step in KDD process and discovers data patterns from various data repositories. Data mining functionalities specify the type of data for data mining tasks. The correct option is C.

Worms automatically copy themselves from one computer to another.

Alibaba.com is a well-known B2B e-commerce website and companies can perform various transactions via this website. Amazon.com was one of the first companies using B2C e-commerce model in worldwide and a widely known example to B2C e-commerce companies in Turkey is Hepsiburada. While eBay is one of the widely known C2C e-commerce companies in worldwide, Sahibinden.com and GittiGidiyor can be
given as examples to C2C e-commerce companies in Turkey. However, Priceline.com can be given as an example to websites using C2B e-commerce model.

CPU can be simply defined as the unit where data/information processing is carried out.

ACM code of ethics consists of four sections, however, the first section and third one address the ethical considerations, where, compared to third section, the first one takes into account the more general moral considerations, which can be summarized as below:

• Contribute to society and human wellbeing.

• Avoid harm to others.

• Be honest and trustworthy.

• Be fair and take action not to discriminate.

• Honor property rights including copyrights

and patent.

• Give proper credit for intellectual property.

• Respect the privacy of others.

• Honor confidentiality.

Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR): It defines immersive when it is able to create a sense of sensory immersion in three-dimensional computer generated. This feeling is enhanced by the ability to interact in real time with the objects depicted in the virtual space.

One has to use regularly updated operating system and security software on the computer. However,

one important thing is to use a strong password that has the following features:

• The password should be a minimum of 9-12 characters

• At least two-digit numbers

• At least one upper case letter

• At least one special symbol character

eBay has primarily followed the consumer to consumer model, and allowing businesses to offer their goods and services on the site indicates a shift towards the business to consumer model.

Inventive step; The invention must not be obvious, the proposed solution to the considered problem could not be reduced by someone with average knowledge of the technical field. The correct answer is D.

A trademark is a sign, or a combination of signs, that is used to distinguish product or service of a company from those of another. Trademarks perform four main functions:

1. Identify and differentiate the products of one company from those of other companies
2. Distinguish products from a given source from identical or similar products from other sources.
3. Refer to a particular quality of the product for which a mark is used
4. Promote the marketing and sale of products, and the marketing and provision of services.

EFT (electronic funds transfer) is the electronic transfer of money from one bank account to another without the direct intervention of bank staff. EDI (electronic data interchange) is the exchange of documents between computer systems of business partners using a standard electronic format.

A code of ethics often finds place in business organizations and it is often developed to positively affect all stakeholders, for instance, end-user of products, customers/clients, employees of the firms, current and future supporter of projects; enhance the public’s confidence and respect to the managements’ decision; clarify the responsibilities of the professionals’ to the society; and assist education of the member of profession at whom the code is directed. The correct answer is D.

It is possible to describe Big Data in four

words

• Volume: Big Data represents large amounts of data. It is generally said that 90% of the data available today have been created in the last two years.

• Speed: Data is generated, captured and shared at ever faster speeds Data and data delays are always shorter and are most often processed in real time or near real time.

• Variety (or heterogeneity): the analyzed data are not necessarily structured. They can come from different sources (and have a different format, such as text, images, multimedia content, digital traces, etc.) and can be combined. Data stored in an internal customer file can be combined with external data from social networks, search engines, official notice sheets or open data portals managed by public authorities.

• Value: the last characteristic is the added value that the analysis of the data represents and the usages that can be made of it.

Transport Layer delivers data across network connections. It provides message segmentation, message acknowledgment, session multiplexing, and message traffic control. The right answer is D.

Phishing is a specialized type of spam that attempts to trick you into entering one’s confidential personal or account information for many different purposes including violating his/her account and identity theft or fraud.

In information technology, there are three principle goals of security (1) confidentiality, (2) integrity, and (3) availability of information.In addition to those three important goals, non-repudiation is also important. Meanwhile security breach is a software or hardware failure or incompleteness which could result in a breach of access in computer security.

Considering the fact that all citizens have the right to communicate and reach information guaranteed by law, the situation above is most probably about limiting the right to communicate violating privacy rights.

The Internet presents significant new challenges for protecting the right to privacy. The most important
ones are summarized as follows.

Results in the collection of new types of personal information. The recent improvements in
science made the usage of finger and iris-scanning technologies very popular. They may be used
to secure identification to prevent fraud by retailers, to identify voters in election, however, such
question may arise who will control storage and usage of such a huge data.

Simplifies the collection of location of personal information; for instance, each device has a
unique IP address while connecting to the Internet, therefore, it is not difficult to trace them.
• Introduces new capacities for government and private actors to analyse personal information;
Since the advances in processor technology and cloud, it is not difficult to use vast quantities of
information compared to past. Once the information is collected, for instance, by using finger
and iris-scanning technologies, it can be cheaply and efficiently stored, consolidated and analysed.
• Introduces new opportunities for commercial use of personal information. There exists numerous
services provided by these companies are free and their business models rely on collecting
user information, and, then, using it for marketing purposes.