ERP system has 8 functional modules. The names of these modules are finance, customer relationship management (CRM), human resource management (HRM), supply chain management (SCM), inventory, purchase, production planning, and sales. These
are some common modules which exist in many ERP systems. Delivery management is not one of the ERP system modules.

Business-to-Business (B2B)

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)

Consumer-to-Business (C2B)

Business-to-Government (B2G)

Government-to-Business (G2B)

Government-to-Consumer (G2C)

The following can be considered as general conditions of an invention to be patentable:

• Subject
• Applicability
• Novelty
• Inventive step
• Presentation of the invention

The correct answer is D.

The most dangerous and relatively easy to spread viruses are network based viruses, named as worms. Worms are malicious software designed to automatically copy itself from one computer to another, which can consume high bandwidth on the local drive or on the network, affecting the speed of the computer and/or causing the computer to crash.

Block ciphers are symmetric cryptographic algorithms. They are faster algorithms than public key cryptographic algorithms. It uses only one key, that is, the same key is used when encrypting a message or decrypting a ciphertext. However, for block ciphers, sender requires securely transferring the key to the receivers.

There are different types of symmetric key cryptography. It is mainly classified as block ciphers and stream cipher. A stream cipher generally adds the plaintext digits with a pseudorandom cipher stream that is called key stream.

Authentication is the process of how one proves that they are who they claim that they are.

Some of the key components of Amazon.com are as follows:
• Browsing;
• Searching;
• Reviews and content;
• Secure credit card payment;
• High level of customer service.
The initial concept of Amazon.com was to create a virtual bookshop on its website.

Phishing is a specialized type of spam that attempts to trick you into entering one’s confidential personal or account information for many different purposes including violating his/her account and identity theft or fraud.

Authentication is the process of how one proves that they are who they claim that they are. When one claims to be “Ahmet San” by logging into a computer as “ahmetsan”, the computer system will most likely ask him for a password. He has claimed to be that person by entering the name into the username field. This part is the identification process. However, now he must prove that he is really that person. This is the authentication part. Almost all user access control systems require a password.

Opening e-mails from someone you do not know may harm your computer security. Correct answer is B.

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a human memorable address used to locate resources on the Internet. As such, web browsers use URLs to access each web page.

UNESCO has been working on to establish knowledge societies while the others are international organizations on IT.

Going into tangible services when we say “cloud” we are talking about servers (more powerful computers) controlled by a software which provides the computing capacity (CPU) and storage (disks); the services provided are automatically deployed (usually at the decision of the same software) among all available servers and in case of necessity new servers can be easily added to increase the overall system capacity.

ERP is a type of software solution that aims to meet the needs of an organization for its business process flow. It must take into account the business processes in the organization and incorporate all the functions of an organization. It must also manage the organization’s connections with its outside stakeholders. So, it is possible to say that ERP integrates all departments and functions across a company into a single computer system.

HRM module in ERP systems allows the Human Resources Department Staff to maintain information on employees. It is designed to maximize employee performance depending on employers’ strategic objectives. HRM module can be used to track some functions like payroll, administration, and hiring.

The answer is E. Preparing brochures explaining how to use the products is not main function of trademarks.

Salient feature comparison of application software versus system software

System Software                       Application Software
Close to system                        Close to user
Fast in speed                            Slow in speed
Difficult to design                      Easy to design
Difficult to understand               Easy to understand
Less interactive                         More interactive
Smaller in size                          Bigger in size (requires large storage space)
Difficult to manipulate                         Easy to manipulate and use
Generally written in low-level language Generally written in high-level language

The machine learning is one of the core areas of artificial intelligence (AI) and deals with the implementation of systems and algorithms that are based on observations as data for the synthesis of new knowledge (inductive reasoning). Learning can take place by capturing characteristics of interest from examples, data structures or sensors, to analyze and evaluate the relationships between the observed variables.

Data integration: Data integration merges data from different sources
such as databases, data flats etc. into a compatible data store.

Spoofing is the forgery of an e-mail header so that the message seems to be sent from someone or somewhere other than the original source. E-mail spoofing is used in phishing and spam since people are more likely open such e-mails when they think the e-mail has a legitimate source. More generally, spoofing is impersonating someone to trick you into doing something malicious.