The United States, Britain, China, France, and Russia are the five permanent members (P5) of the Security Council.

The UN Charter describes the four pillars of the UN as floows:

• Peace and Security

• Human Rights

• The Rule of Law

• Development

All these four pillars are interconnected. None of them can be fully achieved without addressing the other three.

The correct answer is E. 

Think tanks are organizations that promote new ideas, conduct research, and lobby governments about various topics including politics, foreign policy, military and defense issues, social and cultural problems, and the economy.

The League of Nations, established after the end of World War I, had a huge impact on the creation of the UN.

Collective security is a “one for all, all for one” scheme in that states are believed to be committed to deter and punish the aggressor, regardless of their own identities and the aggressor’s identity. Put differently, states are supposed not to discriminate between friends and foes. Related to this, collective security opposes the alliance-building policy, and it rather prescribes a universal alliance. 

Collective security prescribes a partially centralized system for the management of power. Although, states still possess the means of power, resort to force is regulated by a central agency, which is a general international organization such as the League of Nations or the United Nations. Also, in this agenda, aggression would be deterred not by an equilibrium of power but by a preponderance. As such, collective security holds that most, if not all, states must remain committed to the system to deter the potential aggressor, and, when needed, participate in collective actions to punish the aggressor. In addition, although collective security prescribes imposing on the aggressor moral, diplomatic, and economic sanctions, its credibility as a deterrent relies ultimately on military sanction. Therefore, collective security is a hard approach to world order.  Because it requires willingness to support the words with deeds and a determination to frustrate and, if necessary, defeat the aggressor with military sanction

According to Rod Rhodes (1996: 653), the concept of governance refers to:
• Collective governance,
• New public management,
• Good governance,
• Interdependency,
• Socio-cybernetic systems,
• New political economy,
• Networks

The correct answer is B.The Concert of Europe aimed to preserve the proven method of the Congress System, though with a significant change, which is that the major powers now would periodically get together and discuss the issues regarding order and peace in Europe.

The Concert system was geographically limited to Europe. Its mechanisms only applied to the European political community. In other words, nonEuropean states were excluded from the collective diplomacy of the 19th century. The Concert, therefore, failed to be based on a universal legitimacy.

The UN Secretary-General between 2007 and 2016 was Ban Ki-Moon

Turkey is not one of the permanent members (P5) of the UN Security Council. The correct answer is A.  

The fourth generation think tanks were mostly created by former US presidents who wanted to leave a lasting legacy in foreign and domestic politics. The Center for the National Interest is one of the most influential fourth generation think tanks in the US, which was established by former US President Richard Nixon in 1994 “to serve as a voice for strategic realism in U.S.foreign policy.”

In March 1814, four major powers of Europe, namely England, Russia, Prussia, and Austria came to an agreement and signed the Treaty of Chaumont to form the coalition that would eventually defeat Napoleon. 

The jurisdiction of the ICJ is different from that of national courts. Given that the ICJ does not have compulsory jurisdiction, a state cannot be forced to appear before court. The ICJ can hear and decide a case only if all contending parties agree to submit it to the court. However, if states accept to appear before the ICJ, judgments delivered by the court are binding upon them (Karns, Mingst, and Stiles, 2015: 141) As of June 2018, 73 states have recognized the compulsory jurisdiction of the ICJ

The pieces of global governance consist of the interacting rules, norms, international law,
international regimes, ad hoc arrangements, global conferences and structures such as intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. Interstate wars are not part of it. The correct answer is D. 

World order is associated with the given explanation. It is a condition of the system, marked by the high probability that international relations will be peacefully managed. The correct answer is B.

The Great Depression of 1929 and the rise of fascist regimes severely affected the League’s efforts and failed to prevent the outbreak of another systemic war, World War II. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

International Monetary Fund's (IMF) primary purpose is to ensure the stability of the international monetary system. The correct answer is D. 

According to Rod Rhodes (1996: 653), the concept of governance refers to:
• Collective governance,
• New public management,
• Good governance,
• Interdependency,
• Socio-cybernetic systems,
• New political economy,
• Networks.

Soft power is the ability to obtain preferred outcomes through attraction. The correct answer is A.