Upon the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, the United States emerged as the only superpower. Therefore, the postCold War international system is referred to as a unipolar system.

The League of Nations is not one of the six principal organs of the UN. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

A specific group of scholars known as WorldOrder-Models-Project (WOMP) scholars (such as Richard Falk, Rajni Kothari, Ali Mazrui, and Gustavo Lagos) have both elaborated on this morality and given specific cosmopolitan proposals for a more orderly world. Therefore, the correct option is E.

The BRICS countries are Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

A, B, D is about small powers. E is about great powers. 

The first concrete step toward establishing the UN was taken when U.S. President Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill signed
a joint declaration called the Atlantic Charter in August 1941

Başlar (2005: 32-33) has developed the most comprehensive definition of international nongovernmental organizations and identified their basic characteristics as follows: • International NGOs emerged as a result of carrying individual and group interests beyond the state borders. • International NGOs are not founded by states or intergovernmental organizations. • International NGOs are constituted by natural or legal persons with voluntary membership.• Through their activities, international NGOs are able to play roles in international relations. Their members have independent voting rights. • International NGOs have a permanent and institutionalized administrative structure with full-time personnel, an organization scheme, and a headquarter in a specific location. • International NGOs have a democratically accepted charter that is prepared by a representative body, an autonomous decision-making mechanism independent from government policies, and financial resources that are totally or largely independent from central governments. • International NGOs do not engage in a partisan behavior. • International NGOs have organizational structures in more than two countries. • International NGOs adopt the objective of the United Nations as their own principles, and they aim to realize policies that will improve people’s quality of life, serve for the common good of humanity, and help disadvantageous people. • International NGOs do not use violence. • The primary aim of International NGOs is not to obtain profits. • International NGOs are social institutions that possess legal personality. • International NGOs respect the principle of non-interference in domestic affairs of states.

Triple Entente (Great Britain, France, and Russia)

The Concert of Europe is often provided as a prominent example of great power management. The Congress of Vienna consolidated the great-power status of some states. Following the Congress, the powers of the time, namely Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia and France, were remembered as great powers for the next hundred years, and the concert of these powers ruled the world. These great powers restored the European state system, in which many independent and sovereign states acted without any fear of conquest. This concert has been appreciated because it also prevented a general war in Europe from 1815 to 1914. Therefore, the correct option is C.

The Elders share a common commitment to peace and universal human rights. They also bring with them a wealth of diverse expertise and experience because they are:

• the peace makers, with decades of experience mediating and resolving conflicts around the world.

• the peace builders who have helped postconflict societies to heal wounds and rebuild.

• the social revolutionaries who transformed their own countries - whether by reducing poverty, improving the status of women, or championing nonviolent struggle.

• the pioneering women who have governed their countries, led international institutions and spearheaded movements to empower women.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

170 cases were brought before the court between May 1947 and January 2018 (ICJA). It has ruled on a wide range of legal disputes including territorial disputes, delimitation of the continental shelf, the legality of nuclear tests, rights of asylum, the use of force, and environmental protection.

The international organization is an umbrella term that covers both intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs). IGOs refer to formal institutions whose members are predominantly states. INGOs, on the other hand, have a different composition of membership from IGOs as their members are mainly individuals or groups of individuals rather than states.

Legitimate transnational actors from a country can be transnational companies, political parties, or NGOs. Legitimate actors usually engage with IOs in the management of international relations. As a legitimate type of transnational actors, transnational companies (TNCs) play a relatively greater role in international politics today. They primarily lobby foreign governments in several ways; they can indirectly ask their own government to put pressure on a foreign government, try to affect the target government through IOs, or directly reach its diplomatic missions or ministries.

Non-legitimate transnational actors can also produce an impact on international politics. They generate serious problems for states such as criminal financial flows, criminal trade, or illegal trafficking. Because of this, states nowadays individually or collectively are trying to find legal solutions toward blocking the illegal activities of these groups.

As is also understood from the information given, the correct answer is E. All statements regarding international organizations in the options are correct.

The concept of governance refers to sustaining coordination and coherence among a wide range of actors with different aims and objectives. These actors include political actors, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), pressure groups, interest groups, individuals, and media.

The basic principles and main purposes of the UN are:

• To maintain international peace and security,
• To develop friendly relations among
nations based on respect for the principle
of equal rights and self-determination of
peoples,
• To encourage respect for human rights and
for fundamental freedoms for all without
distinction as to race, sex, language, or
religion
• To be a center for harmonizing the actions
of nations.

First and foremost, the UN Charter establishes the sovereign equality of its members as the most fundamental principle upon which the UN is founded.

The key principles of the UN underline the maintenance of international peace and security as the primary goal. Toward this goal, two principles gain prominence. The first is the prohibition of the threat or use of force.

The second principle related to international peace and security is the peaceful settlement of international disputes.

The non-interference in internal affairs of member states is another core principle of the UN.

Heywood notes that a great power is “deemed to rank amongst the most powerful in a hierarchical state-system” and
identifies four criteria for being a member of this so-called “great power club”:
• “Great powers are in thefirstrank ofmilitary prowess, having the capacity to maintain
their own security and, potentially, to influence other powers.
• They are economically powerful states; although (as Japan shows) this is a necessary
but not a sufficient condition for great power status.
• They have global, and not merely regional, spheres of interests.
• They adopt a ‘forward’ foreign policy and have actual, and not merely potential, impact on international affairs”

Think tanks differ from lobbies because they seek more public visibility in the media than lobbies.

Chapter I of the Charter outlines the basic principles and main purposes of the UN. They are:

• To maintain international peace and security,
• To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples,
• To encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion
• To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.

The USA has the highest voting weight in IMF’s decision making process