Internatıonal Securıty Final 7. Deneme Sınavı
Toplam 20 Soru1.Soru
The Cold War refers to the rivalry between which countries given below?
France and UK |
USA and Russia |
Russia and UK |
Italy and Germany |
Germany and USA |
The Cold War was the rivalry between the United States of America and the Soviet Union as well as between their respective allies from the end of the Second World War to 1989.
2.Soru
Where was the concept of human security first used?
1986 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program |
1990 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program |
1994 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program |
1995 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program |
1997 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program |
The concept of human security was first used in the 1994 Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as “safety from chronic threats such as hunger, disease and repression, and protection from sudden and harmful disruptions in the patterns of daily life whether in homes, in jobs, or in communities”
3.Soru
Which of the followings refers to the situation in which actions taken by a state to increase its own security cause reactions from other states, which in turn lead to a decrease rather than an increase in the original state’s security?
Security dilemma. |
Non-Aligned Movement. |
Positive peace. |
Negative peace. |
Cold War. |
Security Dilemma is a situation in which actions taken by a state to increase its own security cause reactions from other states, which in turn lead to a decrease rather than an increase in the original state’s security. Therefore, the correct option is A.
4.Soru
Which security type are inter-ethnic, religious and other identity based tensions related to?
Which security type are inter-ethnic, religious and other identity based tensions related to?
Health security |
Environmental security |
Political security |
Personal security |
Community security |
Type of Security | Examples of Main Threats |
Economic security | Persistent poverty, unemployment |
Food security | Hunger, famine |
Health security | Deadly infectious diseases, unsafe food, malnutrition, lack of access to basic health care |
Environmental security | Environmental degradation, resource depletion, natural disasters, pollution |
Personal security | Physical violence, crime, terrorism, domestic violence, child labor |
Community security | Inter-ethnic, religious and other identity based tensions |
Political security | Political repression, human rights abuses |
5.Soru
What is 'a norm based on states responsibility to protect their own citizens and the international community’s obligation to protect humans from serious violations such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity'?
The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |
Responsibility to Protect (R2P) |
Ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
The United Nations Development Program |
Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is a norm based on states responsibility to protect their own citizens and the international community’s obligation to protect humans from serious violations such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
6.Soru
When was OPEC formed?
in 1955 |
1960 |
1965 |
1970 |
1975 |
OPEC is a permanent intergovernmental organization that was formed at the Baghdad Conference, held on September 10-14, 1960, by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela. Today, with 14 Member Countries, “OPEC’s objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among Member Countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry” (OPEC, 2018). The correct answer is B.
7.Soru
What is the tremendous diversity of plant and animal species making up the earth’s (global, regional, and local) ecosystems?
Population Growth |
Climate change |
Ecology |
Biodiversity |
Global warming |
Biodiversity refers to the tremendous diversity of plant and animal species making up the earth’s (global, regional, and local) ecosystems.
8.Soru
Why are The Middle East, Latin America, the Arctic and the Pacific critical geographical areas?
They control sky routes. |
They deal with immigration problems. |
They have almost four-fifths of fossil energy resources. |
They cause environmental problems. |
They cannot afford energy resources. |
The Middle East, Latin America, the Arctic and the Pacific are critical geographical areas not only because they have almost four-fifths of fossil energy resources but also control the flow of energy, world trade routes, strategic straits, and maritime routes. Therefore, all the developments in these geographical areas affect the energy policies of nation states and energy markets in the world.
9.Soru
In which of the following conferences in 1992 was environmental change pointed out as a security issue for the first time?
Rio Earth Summit. |
Framework Convention on Climate Change. |
Group of Seventy Seven. |
Kyoto Protocol. |
World Summit on Sustainable Development. |
The argument that environmental change was a security issue pointed out for the first time in 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, which became popularly known as the Rio Earth Summit. The Earth Summit as the largest conference brought together more than a hundred state leaders and established the Commission on Sustainable Development, which provided the political basis for the concept of sustainable development. During the 1992 Rio Earth Summit conference, world leaders highlighted a number of environmental problems including biodiversity, the growing ozone hole, pollution, desertification, and climate change. Therefore, the correct option is A.
10.Soru
What are "the defense measures by the army to reduce
vulnerability of populations, territories,
and infrastructure, information and
communication systems" called?
Anti terrorism |
Counter terrorism |
result management |
Internal security |
External security |
Finally, the army has three main roles in combating terrorism (Robertson, 2002):
• anti terrorism: defense measures to reduce vulnerability of populations, territories, and infrastructure, information and communication systems.
• counter terrorism: offensive measures to track down, prevent, deter, and interdict terrorist activities.
• result management: measures to limit the consequences of terrorist attacks, and to stabilize the situation in the aftermath of such attacks with the support of civilian authorities
11.Soru
Which of the followings is one of the members of OPEC?
Cuba. |
Egypt. |
Nigeria. |
Dubai. |
Lebanon. |
Members of OPEC (as of March 2019): Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Libya (1962), the United Arab Emirates (1967), Algeria (1969), Nigeria (1971), Ecuador (1973), Gabon (1975), Angola (2007), Equatorial Guinea (2017), Congo (2018). Therefore, the correct option is C.
12.Soru
Which of the followings hosts NATO’s political headquarters?
Brussels. |
İstanbul. |
Copenhagen. |
New York. |
Hague. |
Each member country has a permanent delegation at NATO’s political headquarters in Brussels. Each delegation is headed by an “ambassador,” who represents his/her government in the Alliance’s consultation and decision-making process. Therefore, the correct option is A.
13.Soru
What are the judicial mechanisms that were established by the UN Security Council for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda?
The Inquisition |
Ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals |
The Security Council |
The United Nations Intervention |
The United Nations Tribunals |
Ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals: are the judicial mechanisms that were established by the UN Security Council in the framework of Resolution 827 for the former Yugoslavia and Resolution 955 for Rwanda. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was created in Arusha, Tanzania to “prosecute persons responsible for genocide and other serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in the territory of Rwanda and neighboring States, between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1994”. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was created to “deal with war crimes that took place during the conflicts in the Balkans in the 1990s” The ICTR closed its doors in 2015.
14.Soru
Which of the followings refers to the situation where one nation’s efforts to enhance its security creates security concerns for another nation with any prior intention?
Security dilemma. |
Second-order policy. |
Territorial integrity. |
Security-oriented approach. |
High politics. |
Security dilemma: This concept refers to the situation where one nation’s efforts to enhance its security creates security concerns for another nation with any prior intention. For example, in the Cold War era, developing nuclear weapons cause a security dilemma, which had almost resulted in a new world war in the early 1960s. This dilemma has been further manifested in the international arena with increasing military technologies, arms races, and deterrent national policies. In an attempt to solve this dilemma, nations resorted to such policies as arms control, disarmament, reduction or elimination of certain weapons as well as diplomatic efforts to reach a consensus on international security issues. Therefore, the correct option is A.
15.Soru
Which of the following is not included in the 2000 of the Millennium Development Goals?
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger |
Reduce child mortality |
Promote gender equality and empower women |
Achieve universal primary education |
Regulate the agricultural productivity |
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs or MDG 8) are a long -and medium- term (to be achieved by 2015) development agenda approved by the UN General Assembly in December 2000. Their purpose was to inject renewed urgency into global development efforts by establishing challenging targets in each of the key human development areas.
- Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
- Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education
- Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women
- Goal 4 Reduce child mortality
- Goal 5 Improve maternal health
- Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
- Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability
- Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development
The correct option is E.
16.Soru
What environmental problem contributes to skin cancer, weakened immune systems, reduced plant yield and more?
The depletion of the ozone layer |
Biodiversity |
Water Disputes |
Population Growth |
Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) |
Two problems of the atmosphere, namely the global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer, had long been debated among scientists. The ozone layer has two basic functions for filtering the ultraviolet rays of the sun and dissipating the atmosphere. The depletion of the ozone layer allows more harmful rays to reach Earth, resulting in more skin cancer, weakened immune systems, reduced plant yields, damage to ocean ecosystems, and climate change.
17.Soru
What is sustainability?
While a competitive energy market with an energy supply- demand equilibrium is significant, it is also critical to provide energy at low cost and affordable prices. |
It is the presence of energy resources and sustaining the “demand and supply equilibrium” of the world energy resources. |
It is the situation where one nation’s efforts to enhance its security creates security concerns for another nation with any prior intention. |
It means that the requested energy can be supplied without any disruption as long as the energy is needed. |
It refers to dominate the energy sources and transport routes has had to face the opposition of other states and this rivalry has resulted in political and economic instability in the region. |
Sustainability means that the requested energy can be supplied without any disruption as long as the energy is needed.
18.Soru
Whisch of the followings does the neorealist scholar Kenneth N. Waltz mean saying "the balance of power politics is basically a zero-sum game"?
Major powers may be interested in forming an alliance with minor powers. |
Alliances and coalitions are clearly collective defense/offence institutions. |
Alliances enhance the military power of its members. |
The gain of one country is the loss of another country. |
International relations and alliances always exist together. |
Waltz suggests that states behave in such a way that results in forming a balance. This tendency, in fact, owes much to the security dilemma. For Waltz, security is the most essential goal for states; however, increasing the national power, paradoxically, may not achieve this goal. It is basically a zero-sum game, the gain of one country is the loss of another. The division of gains may favor certain countries even in winning coalitions and, therefore, pose security challenges for other countries. Therefore, the correct option is D.
19.Soru
What is the term used to describe conflicts where the parties do not directly fight each other but instead use other states/groups?
Globalization |
Proxy wars |
International terrorism |
Cyber terrorism |
Delegation |
Today, groups or states employ yet another method to realize their political objectives: using some other states, groups or organizations instead of directly fighting with each other- which is called “proxy wars.” Proxy war may be defined as “conflicts in which a third party intervenes indirectly in order to influence the strategic outcome in favor of its preferred faction” (Mumford, 2013:40).
20.Soru
What are the three basic freedoms that Kofi Annan proposed with the idea of "human security"?
Survival, need, fear |
Survival, want, fear |
Speech, want, to live in dignity |
Fear, need, to live in dignity |
Need, want, to live in dignity |
In response to the new international order, non-traditional challenges at the turn of the millennium, United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Kofi Annan advanced the idea of ‘human security’ that includes three basic freedoms: “freedom from fear, freedom from want, freedom to live in dignity.”
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