The answer is A.

Treaties are referred to by different names, including agreements, conventions, covenants, protocols and exchanges of notes.

Municipal Law: The national, or internal, law of a state, as opposed to international law.

States may recognize the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice in one of four ways:

• Compromis (Special Agreement)
• Forum Prorogatum
• International treaty
• Unilateral declaration.

As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is E.

There are two kinds of international law: private and public. The former is concerned with the resolution of international disputes between individuals and companies, while the latter governs relations among states. It includes such things as claims to territory, the use of the sea, arms control, and human rights. As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is E. The resolution of international disputes between individuals and companies is governed by private international law.

Marxism maintains that, as a result of the law of immiseration, over time wealth would become increasingly concentrated in the hands of the bourgeoisie. This would further diminish the purchasing power of the proletariat and make revolution inevitable. Capitalism contains the seeds of its own destruction. Nonetheless, capitalism is a necessary stage of history that replaces feudalism and leads to another stage of history: socialism. The correct choice is D.

The European Union is unique for several reasons: one of the most significant reasons is that “democracy in the EU comes from the member states
rather than the Union itself (Rumford, 2002, 215). Hence, the European Union should be understood as a unique political system because it (1) “governs
without government” but also because (2) it has a democratic tradition running through many of its member states. Democracy is fundamental to the applicant countries and is championed as a part of European identity (Rumford, 2002, 209-210). The European Union is also different from other regional organizations in that in some issue areas, such as trade and the economy, it has a supranational character. Put differently, decisions taken at the union’s headquarters in Brussels in these issue areas are binding for all member
states. However, in some issue areas -- security and defense, notably -- the European Union does not have any supranational power but acts as a
regional organization. In other words, currently the European Union is not a federal institution.

“The criterion of a ‘permanent population’ relates to that of territory and constitutes the physical basis for the existence of a state. For this reason alone, Antarctica, for example, cannot be regarded as a state. People do live on Antarctica, even year-round, but these are researchers, scientists supported by other governments. They are not permanent residents.

For Strange, there are four major structures constituting the organizational and operational dynamics of the global system. These are: (1) the production and trade structure, (2) the finance structure, (3) the knowledge and technology structure, and (4) the security structure. The correct answer is B.

Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice enumerates the sources where the rules of international law may be found. The article reads as follows:

“1. The Court, whose function is to decide in accordance with international law such disputes as are submitted to it, shall apply:

1. International conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states;
2. International custom, as evidence of a general practice, accepted as law;
3. The general principles of law recognized by civilized nations;
4. Subject to provisions of Article 59, judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publcist of the various nations as subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law.

As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is E.

BRIC countries are Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The answer is A.

In 1949, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States joined together to form an alliance, called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The correct answer is E.

Law-making treaties set the rules of international law in each field. The Vienna Convention of Law of Treaties, the Law of the Sea Convention, Geneva Conventions and human right conventions are the examples of this category.

Treaty  contracts deal with a narrow area of  practice between states and they resemble contracts in national legal systems. Trade agreements between states can be given as an example; when a state supplies certain goods and the other party pays a sum of money, the obligations of parties under this state contract come to an end.

As also understood from the information given, the correct answer is D. Trade agreements between states is an example can be given for treaty contracts.

The rules of international law are created by those who must apply or obey these rules. These are basically states and to a limited extent other international actors. The decisions of international organizations such as the United Nations also contribute to the creation of the rules of international law.

Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are Latin American examples. ASEAN (Association of Southeastern Asian Nations) and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) are Asian examples for regionalism. The correct answer is choice E: ECOWAS - The Economic Community of West African States.  

For hyperglobalists, globalization is a revolutionary shift in technology, economy,
culture, and politics. It is real and new. These observers believe globalization is the consequence of information and communications as well as capitalism. Number IV is about sceptics.

The League of Nations was formed in 1919 at the Paris Peace Conference, just after the horrors of World War I. It had initial, near-fatal flaws. One was that the United States never joined, although President Woodrow Wilson was a strong advocate of the League. Also, too, initially Russia and Germany (who lost in World War I) were not permitted into it. Japan and Italy left the League of Nations in the 1930s. It had been believed the great powers -- Great Britain, Russia, Germany, France and Japan -- would act as enforcers.

The African Union, established in 2002, continues to serve the successor organization to the Organization for African Unity. Further, non-African states and organizations are accredited to the African Union, which enhances its reputation and its importance on the African continent and globally. It has a
structure (called African Union organs) much like the United Nations and other multi-purpose regional international organizations. An African Union president is chosen to serve, usually for a term of one year from January to January of the following year. many respects, especially on such a large and varied continent with so many ethnic, tribal, and other relationships that transcend national borders, the African Union has concentrated on security oriented projects, knowing firsthand how unsettled the continent has been historically. It has been able to mount specific military-peacekeeping missions in Sudan, Somalia, Libya, Mali, the Central African Republic and elsewhere, sometimes in joint efforts
with United Nations deployments.

Robert Gilpin defines Global Political Economy as the reciprocal and dynamic interaction in international relations of the pursuit of wealth and the pursuit of power. The correct answer is A. 

Correct option is C. All the others are related to neoliberalism.

Speeding addresses the

acceleration in the pace of all interactions

and processes because of the revolution

in transportation and communications

technology. The answer is C.