Punishment comes up when the criminal proceeding is completed and the sentence is given. So first of all, a crime should be committed. Punishing people who are about to commit a crime is not one of the objektives of Criminal law. The correct answer is B.

An unappealable decision made in order to resume an action is an interlocutory decision. 

Procedural final decisions are the dismissal of the action on account of procedural errors. These decisions do not resolve the dispute; therefore, a new action may be filed again.

Final decisions of the court are generally categorized into three categories, which are

(1) procedural final decisions (or dismissal of the action on procedural grounds),

(2) the judgment (hüküm) (ruling on the merits),

(3) decisions declaring that the subject matter of the action has perished (therefore there is no need to render a judgment).

Judgments resolve the dispute and therefore constitute res judicata, upon which they become unappealable. If a party files another action identical to the previous one, the court must dismiss the action on account of a res judicata on
the matter.

All family courts must employ a full time psychologist, a pedagogue and a social work specialist to assist the court.

After the payment order is served, the debtor has 7 days to respond.

TCC provides an exhaustive list of type of companies. The types of companies listed in the
TCC may be grouped as corporate and non-corporate forms of companies.

a. Corporate forms of companies
• Joint Stock Company
• Limited Liability Company
• Cooperative Company (Cooperatives)

b. Non-corporate forms of companies
• Collective Company
• Commandite Company

Joint venture is not a form of company, but a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together.

The person defined above is the governor.

A contract is a legal transaction concluded by a mutual exchange of assents of two or more persons. Therefore, for the formation of a contract there is a need for two mutually declared intentions - offer and acceptance. An offer is a declaration of intention by one party, known as the offeror, whereby he expresses his willingness to enter into a contract. An offer, until it is terminated, gives the offeree a continuing power to create a contract by declaring an acceptance. An acceptance is a declaration of intention to agree to the terms of the offer. If all its elements are complete, a contract takes effect at the moment it is concluded. 

The offeror does not have to set a time limit. If no time limit is set, then the Code of Obligations makes a distinction between the parties who are present and who are absent. Where an offer is made in the offeree’s presence and no time limit for acceptance is set, it is no longer binding on the offeror unless the offeree accepts it immediately. Offers declared by telephone, computer or other communication tools, on the condition that the parties understand and respond simultaneously, are considered to be made in the offeree’s presence. Thus, physical presence is not required for a contractual offer.

The correct answer is C.

The concepts given in the first four options are primary sources of law. Quran is divine revelation that contains basic, and at times, detailed rules of law. Sunnah is the tradition of the Prophet comprised of his sayings, practices, and tacit approvals. Ijma is the unanimous decision of the Muslim scholars. Qiyas or analogy refers to the comparison of a case not covered by the text with a case covered by the text on account of their common value in order to apply the law of the one to the other. 

Masalih al-Mursalah, which refers to the consideration of public interest, is one of the secondary sources of the Islamic law.

the correct answer is E. 

Legal persons are mainly regulated in the Civil Code. Apart from these general natured provisions, two of the legal persons are also regulated, namely associations (societies) and foundations. So associations (societies) are regulated in the Civil Code. The correct answer is B.

The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10th, 1948. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

According to Turkish Code of Obligations, there are three sources of obligations. These are:

1. Contracts
2. Torts
3. Unjust Enrichment

It should be mentioned that these sources are not limited in number. These are the sources that
very frequently create an obligation, but besides them, there are other sources as well. For example, an obligation may be created directly from the law itself.

An arbitration agreement is a contract in which the parties agree on
the resolution of a part of or all present or possible future disputes arising from a contractual or noncontractual legal relationship by an arbitrator or an arbitral tribunal (art. 412). Arbitration agreement may be made as a clause of a contract between the parties or as a stand-alone contract.

Subject-matter jurisdiction of court is about the given sentence. Rules of subject-matter jurisdiction are the rules to follow in determining the proper court at a particular venue and determine the type of the court.

A company is a business association formed by two or more parties who bring together their labor and/or capital to achieve common purposes of making profit and sharing profit. The parties (shareholders/partners) establishing the company enter into a contract titled “Articles of Association (AoA)”.