Assyrian merchants became increasingly rich because of trading and the local officials were content, whereas the ordinary people became increasingly poor and fell short in the ability to pay their debts. Thus, money was obtained by loans at high interest. As a natural outcome of this, the elite was caught in various conflicts, and in the end, many places were reduced to ashes, thus ending the era of the Assyrian Period of trade colonies. The correct answer is E.

The Babylonians (2004-1595 BCE and 625-539 BCE) established the city of Babylon, which became the most influential city in Mesopotamia. At times the Babylonians would form vast empires that ruled much of the Middle East. The Babylonians were the first to record their system of law.

Ancient Egypt emerged in the Pre-Dynasty period in the distant post-Neolithic Age. The culture of survival at that era was based on the use of stone and stick tools improvised for hunting, fishing, cutting wood, and cultivating.

The first important set of rules or code of laws was fashioned by Hammurabi, the King of Babylon around 2000 BCE. The correct answer is B.

Knowledge is authentic when it is based on proven and tangible facts. Conjectures, assumptions, probabilities, and speculations may provide a path to the discovery of authentic knowledge, but they are not facts and they are not knowledge. They can also lead to false conclusions.

Except for the option A, options in B, C, D, and E are the criteria which describe Egyptian civilization

The ruling of boy pharaoh King Popy, II marks the beginning of the Sixth Dynasty in the Old Kingdom period.

they were settled in Southeastern Anatolia 

Sumerians began to use picture symbols marked into clay tablets to keep their records (writing)

Boxing and wrestling feature frequently in art (games)

Mesopotamian society was ruled by a ‘council of elders’ (family life)

Most people were buried in family graves under their houses (Burials)

The first autonomous civilization was the Mesopotamian Civilization (including Sumerian), which emerged in the valley of Euphrates-Tigris rivers in the Middle East, about 4,000 BCE.

In Oriental historiography one of the earliest
researchers of civilization were:
• Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901) in Japan,
who defined it as follows: “civilization
comforts man physically and elevates him
spiritually…Civilization advances the
well-being and dignity of man, since man
acquires these benefits through knowledge
and virtue.” In his opinion, “morals had
remained almost unchanged throughout
history, but intellect had shown marked
growth and progress.”

 ii.They were involved in political developments in eastern Anatolia.   iii. They were skillful in architecture.    iv. They were famous for their rugs.

A Russian-American Pitirim Sorokin (1889-1969), professor at Harvard, in his Social and Culture Dynamics (1937-41, four volumes) quantified all conceivable components of a culturefromGreco-Roman to Western. He collected data spanning a period of 2,500 years and discovered a pattern of recurrent fluctuation between “sensate” and “ideational” value systems. 

Humanistic factors, classification of cultures,  cultures being complex entities and  products are the points that   are emphasized  in Kroeber’s view of culture.

In the 19th century, just after the American Revolution (1775-1783) and the French Revolution (1789-99), the concept of a nation began to emerge. A Frenchman and an American no longer served a king but the French or American “nation” (patrie). A nation is an entity which has a common language, culture, memory of historic events, and “national consciousness.” It does not mean that the nation must share a common territory. This condition is applied toward a state rather than toward a nation. In this model, a state is a category of a power infrastructure. However, the state creates the nation. It means that emigrants from the nation-state may claim the origin of their nationality from the nation-state, which may be thousands of miles away. 

Infrastructure is the technology-driven additive process of acquiring and applying materials through civilization and beyond.

The Mesopotamian Civilization was gradually absorbed by the Semitic people, who migrated from Arabia around 2300BCE andwho founded the great empires of Assyria (Syria today), and Babylonia (Iraq today).

David Wilkinson proposes to analyze only one Central Civilization, not several ones. For him, civilizations are not cultural groups but rather sociopolitical groups or polycultures. His civilizations are social units, larger than states integrated by political interest. The correct answer is B. 

Gobekli Tepe (Potbelly Hill) is in Turkey. Right answer is “B”.

The name of Hittite Council of Nobles is Pankush. The name of the world-famous Phrygian rug is Tapestes. The development of Phrygian art is divided into three stages:
Early, Transition, and Mature. The Phrygian language was developed from the Phoenician alphabet, and it later played an influential role in the Greek alphabet.