The first autonomous civilization was the Mesopotamian Civilization (including Sumerian), which emerged in the valley of Euphrates-Tigris rivers in the Middle East, about 4,000 BCE.

It was not a dominant world model until the middle of the 20th Century, some 2,500 years later.

Mycenaean, in the southern part of the peninsula, flourished from about 1900 BCE to about 1200 BCE. It was a monarchy that occupied the central area of Greece. For reasons that are unclear, it had a catastrophic decline, caused by external invasion or internal strife. What has been described as the “Dark Age of Greece “descended on the peninsula, during which time it was invaded by indigenous peoples from the north, the Dorians. The influx of Dorians set off a wave of emigration of the local peoples to the east, towards the settlements founded on the Aegean Islands, and some venturing further east to the western shores of Asia Minor. The correct answer is C.

The influence of ancient Greece and its culture was immense, and thus many residents of Constantinople continued to worship the old Greek gods. Emperor Justinian put a stop to this in 528 CE, when he forced all pagans to undergo Christian baptism.  

Doğru seçenek C, Etruscans are believed to be from Asia Minor

All the information is the options except for E, belongt to the Yangtze River. However,The Yellow River is the structure of Chinese civilization, the spiritual home of the Chinese people. The correct answer is E.

Justinian’s church Santa Sophia was not the first to be erected on the site. The original building was set in place by the Emperor Constantius in 360 CE. The church burned in 404 CE and was rebuilt by the Emperor Theodosius II in 415 CE.

The city-states had no standing armies but relied the citizenry to provide the manpower for what was a militia force. These citizen-soldiers, or Hoplites, (the word derived from hoplon for shield, or item of armor) were the able bodied men of the polis, whose “day jobs” were as farmers and artisans.

“The Hellenes profited greatly from the knowledge and achievement of other countries about astronomy, chronology, and mathematics (but it was through their own native abilities that they made their greatest achievements) in becoming the founders of European philosophy and science.”

Huntington’s Sinic civilization includes China, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, and Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. Japan is not included. So, the correct answer is E.

Hannibal was a Carthaginian general who became important in Roman history with the second Punic War. Carthaginian victory in Spain was followed by a dramatic drive of the great general, Hannibal, sweeping on from Iberia up through the south of France. He led his army in a huge attack on Italy, flanking the Roman heartland from the west and north. Hannibal brought with him an immense military force, complete with elephants, crossing the Alps. He then descended into Italy, winning huge victories at Lake Trasimene and Cannae, where he destroyed a Roman army twice his size. Rome barely survived because the military cleverly attacked Hannibal’s supply lines back in Spain and France – stretched thin as they already were – and disrupted those lines, keeping reinforcements from reaching Hannibal in Italy. The correct answer is E.

Law, science and technology, and architecture and sculpture were the main domains of innovation in the ancient Rome. An elaborate legal system, principle of justice for all, advances in public health and hygiene, and use of arches and domes in architecture were among these innovations. However, the development of new physical theories was not one of the innovations that marked the history of Romans. The correct answer is A.   

Statements II and III are true about education in the Hellenic Civilization.

Statements I-II and IV indicate the consequences of the foundation of the Mesopotamian Civilization between the Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers.

Doğru seçenek E. Diğer çeldiriciler uygarlığın criterlerinden sayılır

Much of the population was educated. In the early years of the empire the greatest university was at Athens. The university was moved from Athens to Constantinople by Emperor Justinian in the sixth century because of his concern over the strong pagan traditions of Athens.

Rome, while not a cultural desert, did not innovate in art, drama, or philosophy. However, Romans were leading in architecture by building beautiful cities and buildings, massive water works, roads that ran long distances, bathhouse, arches and domes. There also came the Roman rule of law, a gift that keeps on giving to civilized humanity to the present day. A uniform system of administration came with the spread of Rome’s domains, bringing tax collectors and others over the huge distances that often separated the capital from the provinces. Similarly, Roman sculpture was frequently found, especially in busts connected with worship of the emperors. The Romans imitated Greek sculpture but wound up with a unique mix, reflecting the huge growth of the empire. Some of their creations of stone and bronze were of the first rank. As Rome grew, did its sculpture, with ever larger works. They grew to be immense and often out of proportion. So, while the Roman civilization did not advance architecture or sculpture notably, it brought construction on a huge scale and built upon Greek and other antecedents, bringing beauty, form and function to the masses. The correct answer is B – Drama.

The Chinese infrastructure is characterized by easily recognizable architecture, villages and towns, transportation solutions on land, rivers, and seas. Particularly significant are four great technological inventions; paper making, print, dynamite, magnetic compass which have been applied by the remaining world civilizations ever since.

Between 221 to 206 BCE, during the Qin Dynasty, the construction on the Great Wall of China begins. It is meant to mark China’s boundaries and protect it from invaders. The correct answer is A.