Manufacturing information system provides information to managers throughout the firm concerning manufacturing operations of firms. In a manufacturing information system model, while transaction processing subsystem, industrial engineering subsystem and manufacturing subsystem are the input subsystems, transaction subsystem, inventory subsystem, quality subsystem and cost subsystem are output subsystems.

Most of the executives used EIS to support their decisions, some others for scheduling and to set agendas. Among users of EIS are the chief executive officers (CEO), the chief financial officers (CFO), or the chief operating officers (COO).

Common properties each system has can be listed as follows:  Every system has a specific purpose. The purpose underlines the fact that system has at least one function. System has more than one component (part, element). There is a relationship and interaction between the components forming the system. Components form a whole. There is an integrity and order in each formation that is thought to be a system.

e-manufacturing integrates information and decision making among data flow, information flow and cash flow. It is a business strategy and a core competency for companies to compete in this highly competitive markets. e-manufacturing gives the opportunity of higher level of automation of manufacturing business information and improves the information flow and work flow throughout organization.

Computers, computer chips and microprocessors, communication lines, sensors, robots are some examples for the hard technology.

The sales process begins with receving customer order and also this is the triggering event for all the transactions within the business.

The transaction processing system deals with converting economic events into financial transactions; recording financial transactions into journals and ledgers, and communicating financial information to information users to support their daily operations.

The first step in transform data into a competitive advantage is understanding the difference between data (recorded facts, things, events and statistics), information (formatted, useful data extracted from data pool), knowledge (internalized information) and insight (a deep level of understanding about a particular situation).

Capital budgeting, cash management, profit planning, financial forecasts, credit management are the functions of finance information systems.

Expentidure cycle deals with the purchasing operations. The purchasing process involves Analysing inventories, Preparing purchase orders, Receiving goods, Making the payments, Purchase returns and allowances, and Preparing reports.

Credit management policy of a business involves three steps

• Establishing credit standards

• Establishing credit terms

• Establishing collection policy

A typical ES should support the managers of each hierarchical level with the following capabilities.
• Drill down
• Critical success factors
• Analytics
• Exception reporting
• Navigation of information

Thereofre, the correct option is B.

Autonomous Robots: Manufacturers in many industries have used Robots to struggle complex assignments, but robots seem to have much greater capability, since they are more autonomous, flexible, and cooperative. Eventually, there will be an interaction between them and they will work safely side by side with humans and learn from them.

The finance information system has some functions. One of them is Profit Planning. In order to achieve the targets indicated in the budget, some actions need to be made from period to period. Top management determines the strategies for the business and to achieve the overall goal of the business these strategies divide into shorter terms.

Revenue cycle deals with sales and sales related activities. It focuses on the main objective of the business which is producing and selling products/services.

The business purchase raw material, hire labour, and use overhead to produce products. The conversion cycle of a business follows the physical workflow of manufacturing process and produces information about manufacturing activities.

Customer relations management is a designed process to collect data related to customers, to get features of customers, and to apply those qualities in activities.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) can be defined as an integrated collection of computer and database applications designed, developed and implemented to meet the information needs of business and industrial organizations.

An integrated operating system (IOS) has four major characteristics: An IOS focuses on the main problem structure and processes of a specific industry; An IOS addresses important decisions that are necessary to serve the customer in the best possible way; An IOS improves decision making within the organization by including the collection, storage, analysis and dissemination of data and information via information technology; An IOS has the capability of making key decisions in a synchronous and timely way in every point throughout the value chain. Manufacturing information systems support the production function that including all the activities concerned with the planning and control of the processes producing goods or services.

Database design starts with data planning.