The general ledger system has an interaction between the financial reporting system and management reporting system. The reporting system gets the data from the general ledger system and prepares financial and managerial reports.

Navigation of information capability helps executives to explore vast amount of data and information fast and easy ways.

Here, we will try to explain the common events that take place in revenue cycle. These events are:

• Receiving customer order
• Analysing the credit approval for the customer
• Viewing inventories
• Accepting order
• Preparing products for shipment
• Billing
• Recording and monitoring receivables
• Collecting cash
• Sales allowances and sales returns
• Preparing reports

Thereofre, the correct option is B.

Accounting information system collects financial data from the operations of the business, processes the collected data and transforms them into financial information, and produces reports for the decision makers.

Encryption is the process of transforming plain text to the ciphertext by using algorithms or keys. Encrypted data cannot be read or converted by anyone except the sender and the intended receiver.

Output subsystems: Transaction subsytem Inventory subsytem Quality subsytem Cost subsystem.

The conversion cycle operates via the data received from the revenue cycle, marketing system, expenditure cycle and general ledger, and financial reporting system.

Big data involves massive data files that can be obtained from both structured and unstructured databases. Big data often consists of high volume data that marketing managers can use to obtain valuable information and make more welldirected marketing decisions. Big data includes mountains of data collected from social networks, retailer scanning or media scanning, consumer purchases, store tracking, logistics, production, cloud computing, Internet of Things, mobile devices, RFID, GPS and many more sources. One should think of big data not only in terms of analytics, but more in terms of 1.) Developing high-level skills that allow the use of new generation IT tools, 2.) The architectures to collect data from various sources, 3.) Storage, organization, extraction, interpretation of massive data to generate valuable insights and 4.) Sharing them with key firm stakeholders for competitive advantage co-creation and realization.

Horizontal and Vertical System Integration: Today, it can be said that most of IT systems are not fully integrated. Companies, suppliers, and customers are not often closely linked. It is the same situation for departments such as engineering, production, and service. Functions from the enterprise to the shop floor level are not fully integrated. Even in engineering, it’s seen that there is a lack of complete integration between products, plants and automation. However, Industry 4.0 promises that companies, departments, functions, and capabilities will become much more bounded to each other, and as cross-company, by the evolution of universal data-integration networks, truly automated value chains will be possible.

One of the most important aspects of FMS is its efficiency coming from reductions in setup and queue time. Generally FMS provides firms some advantages such as reduced manufacturing times, low per-unit production costs and improved quality. However, there are some shortcomings like high initial cost of the system and producing similar product from same product family. It may not always be the most cost effective method of manufacturing because of the high cost of constructing and developing the system and obtaining sophisticated machinery.

An IOS focuses on the main problem structure and processes of a specific industry such as home insurance, airlines or automobile manufacturers. 2. An IOS addresses important decisions that are necessary to serve the customer in the best possible way such as customer relationship management systems focus on building long-term relationships with loyal customers to increase satisfaction and profits. 3. An IOS improves decision making within the organization by including the collection, storage, analysis and dissemination of data and information via information technology. Data warehouses and data mining typically are the integral parts of an IOS. 4. An IOS has the capability of making key decisions in a synchronous and timely way in every point throughout the value chain.

Requested information is developed in response to a specific request by a marketing manager. Without such a request the information would not flow within company or might not exist in the system.

Expenditure cycle deals with the purchasing activities of the required goods and/or raw materials. Detection of the requirement can appeare by analysing the inventories. Upon the orders received from the customer (external affect) or analysing the inventories throughout the production plan (internal affect), the need for purchase can be figured out.

In marketing, the ability to track new customers and to link transactions over time is key. Loyalty programs are the most common way for such tracking. Besides, credit card, IP address, and registered user log-ins are also commonly used. Companies also have much better measures that links customer shopping/transaction data with marketing insight such as demographic data from credit card usage, survey data that is linked via email address, store visit information that can be tracked in a variety of ways or from a Customer Relationship Management.

Making profit and meeting the human needs are fundamental objectives of businesses. The components brought together for these objectives work each other interactively.

If the computer is turned off , all data stored in RAM is lost.

Credit management policy of a business involves three steps: Establishing credit standards, Establishing credit terms, Establishing collection policy.

ERP is the technological backbone of e-business, an enterprisewide transaction framework with links into sales order processing, inventory management and control, production and distribution planning, and finance.

The name malware comes from malicious software. Malware is software that hinders effective use of computers and its resources and thus may harm hardware. However, some kinds of malware are also used to steal users’ credentials. Most common malware types are computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, keyloggers, and spyware.

There are for main modules used in customer relations management (CRM) system. These are Sales Force, Customer Service and Support, Marketing, Customer loyalty.