Worms do not need a user to work or spread, unlike viruses. The main goal of using worms is to consume resources of the computer and thus to terminate certain operations. Trojan horses, which looks like beneficial software for computers, are malicious software that is activated by users’ execution.

Accounting information system, which is a sub-system of management information systems, interacts with the other sub-systems within the business in order to accomplish the objectives of the business. Every business has an accounting information system regardless of its size. Basically, accounting information system is the same for all the businesses in the manner of input-process-output flow. The differences are the hardware and software used in the system and the way of doing the transactions. The way of doing the transactions affects the interactions among the departments that participate in fulfilling the process and also the type and the number of the copies of the documents used in the transaction.

The conversion cycle operates via the data received from the revenue cycle, marketing system, expenditure cycle and general ledger, and financial reporting system. From the marketing system, sales forecast data is needed for planning the production. Revenue cycle sends the sales orders data that give the information about what to produce. The raw material needed for the production is demanded from the expenditure cycle. Also for the payroll of the employees to take part in production, labor data is sent to expenditure cycle, specifically to payroll processing system. During the production, raw material inventories, work-in-progress inventories, and finished goods inventories are updated through the general ledger and financial reporting system.

Cost accounting system belongs to the transaction processing system of subsystems of Accounting Information System. 

Brownouts are voltage drops or spikes in incoming voltage, which cause a current fluctuation, leads similar problems with Blackouts on computer hardware.

General journals are in the processing phase of accounting information system. Financial statements and other financial reports are the outputs.

Inputs icnlude capital, materials, equipment, facilities, supplies, labor, knowledge and time.

The Logistic Module from the ERP system enables planning and streamlining processes of supply, storage and redistribution of goods within a company or delivery of goods to customers. The primary information for planning these resources is taken from related modules such as Purchasing, Inventory, Fleet.

A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is system of automated parts and machines arranged in a sequence and connected by an automated material handling system and controlled by a computer system. These systems are expected to provide flexibility with efficiency. A FMS system consists of computer controlled machines, robots,Automated handling devices led by computer software for moving product and a computer center.

Analyzing the data is one of the things that PowerPivot enables users to make timely business decisions without requiring IT assistance.

Production management function in an organization is responsible for the processes that transform inputs into useful outputs.

The purpose of this chapter is to present the enterprise decision support systems that turn data and information of extended ERP systems into managerial and organizational intelligence.

Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) coverts design specifications from CAD into instructions for manufacture for CAM.

Internal information sources and records such as accounting records or customer records provide information about customers, sales, costs, inventories, buying habits and timing, the reactions of distributors, suppliers, intermediaries, etc. As an internal information source data from marketing department include Total sales or sales volume over time, regional sales, Sales volume by market segment, Sales by trade category, Sales volume by type of channel of distribution, Pricing information, Communication mix information, Sales representatives’ records and reports and Inquiries or complaints received. As a common practice, companies use external data for forecasting market trends, benchmarking, validation of internal data and demographic analysis of potential markets. External data may be collected from different “favorite sites” on Internet or alternatively from news software like Bloomberg or Reuters, from daily newspapers, magazines, academic journals relevant for the industry. Companies can also trust data collected by governmental institutions such as TUİK. Or alternatively Eurostat’s statistics or Euromonitor’s research findings are available to the firms. There is a wide variety of statistics or journals and publications on particular trades or industries issued by trade associations, chambers of commerce and other bodies such as Istanbul Chamber of Commerce, or Turkish Exporters Assembly.

Research aimed at solving a specific, pragmatic problem is called as applied marketing research. On the other hand, companies may want to expand the borders of knowledge without aiming to solve a specific problem. In this case they do basic market research to validate a theory, test hypotheses, learn more about a concept or phenomenon, such as nanotechnology, Internet of the Things etc.

Data collecting stage is about gathering problem specific data. This stage has two important decision aspects: sample design and data collection forms. Sample design provides a description of the population to be studied and how it will be defined. For example, if a pet food producer wants to investigate buying habits of its customers, the ones who do not have a pet are needed to be eliminated from the sampling frame. The researcher specifies the population, states the desired sample size based on research budget. If a non-random sample is to be used, the justification and type of sampling strategy to be employed, such as convenience sample, are stated. Data collection forms to be used are formed at this stage. This stage involves either a questionnaire or an interview schedule.

Target Market consists Product including function, brand, packaging and services; Price including price list, discounts, bundling and credit terms; Place including channel, inventory, logistics and distribution; and Promotion including advertising, sales force, publicity and sales promotion, but not Practice.

Cost displays the importance of accurate data in the right context and format needed to make informed decisions. Because erroneous decisions that are made based on incorrect information cost considerable meanig decreases in company's income.

Customer Relationship Management, CRM, means different things to different people. For some, CRM means direct e-mails. For others, it is mass customization or developing products that fit individual customer’s needs. For IT consultants, CRM translates into complicated technical jargon related to terms such as OLAP (on-line analytical processing) and CICs (customer interaction centers). A brief and comprehensive definition of CRM is defined as “A systematic process to manage customer relationship initiation, maintenance, and termination across all customer contact points in order to maximize the value of the relationship”. 

According to the Subsystems and Business Events of Accounting Information Systems, Expen Cycle includes Purchase System, Cash Disbursement System, Payroll Processing System, Fixed Asset System. Thereofre, the correct option is C.