The proof of a sales transaction is billing the customer. In other words, preparation of the bill shows a sale transaction has occured. Thereofre, the correct option is E.

Phased method takes an incremental approach for transforming the old system into the new system. The new system is put into practice in pieces. For example, for a human resources information system, first human resource planning module, then wage management module and after that other modules can be put into operation. While the first applied module operates as a new system module, other modules continue to operate as old system modules.

In the first phase of System Development Life Cycle, scope, opportunities and goals of the problem represented by the information system project are determined. The success of the rest of the project depends on the correct definition of the problem. In the scope of the problem; size, borders, vision, constraints, limits, stakeholders, budget and timing of the project are determined.

Exception reporting: Executives attention must be towards those problematic or outstanding performances for effective decision-making. Therefore ES should raise awareness by highlighting such variances on performances

The role of the accountant in today’s business environment is also developing according to the changing conditions. The business information systems which are inseperable part of the business, add new roles to accountants’ existing roles. New roles like designer, user and auditor are becoming standard roles of accountants about business information systems (Gelinas, Dull., 2008). As for the designer role;
• which transaction is recorded? (what is the recordable transaction?)
• how is the transaction recorded? (which data are collected and from where to be collected?)
• when is the transaction recorded? (before or after the occurance? )
• which controls are necessary as for the reports to be exact, valid and accurate and for the assets to
be protected, for the audit to be processed?
• which reports will produced and when?
• in which details are the reports be produced?

Thereofre, the correct option is D.

In marketing, the ability to track new customers and to link transactions over time is key. Loyalty programs are the most common way for such tracking. Besides, credit card, IP address, and registered user log-ins are also commonly used. Companies also have much better measures that links customer shopping/transaction data with marketing insight such as demographic data from credit card usage, survey data that is linked via email address, store visit information that can be tracked in a variety of ways or from a Customer Relationship Management (CRM).

The fourth Industrial Revolution is characterized by the combination of technologies that is changing the border lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.

Cross-selling is described as marketing of complementary goods to customers. It is a practice where additional related goods are marketed based on previous purchases. For example, if a customer buys a boot from a Web site, when customer visits that Web site for the next time, he/she will be recommended by related goods customer might like to buy.

According to a Manufacturing Information System Model, Inventory subsystem is an output subsystem.

Sales by trade category: Based on this information one may get an idea on market performance versus investment for each trade classification. When a company needs to decide on investment on a specific classification, the information gathered in this section might be beneficial for decision making.

Total sales or sales volume over time: Every company keeps a record of its total sales over specific periods e.g. daily, weekly, monthly. Sales volume over time is the quantity or number of goods or services sold in a specific time period. Such information enables seasonal variations to be identified, and inflation cost adjustments can be taken into consideration.

The components of an information system: people, hardware, software, data, and network resources, they are used to transform data resources into information products.

If the sale is on credit and the customer is new to the business then a credibility analysis has to be made.

There are some shortcomings of using external data for decision making purposes such as;

• The necessary data may not be available, or it may need some transformations. ?
• The integration with existing company data sources or information systems may be problematic. ?
• Importing data can be time-consuming.?
• It may be hard to ensure data compatibility.
• It may require manual work-flow and data
• processing.?
• It may be difficult to validate data formats.

Inputs Capital • Materials • Equipment • Facilities • Supplies • Labor • Knowledge •

The purchasing process involves some set of events. These events are;
• Analysing inventories
• Preparing purchase orders
• Receiving goods
• Making the payments
• Purchase returns and allowances
• Preparing reports

Thereofre, the correct option is D.

Functions of finance information systems are capital budgeting, cash management, credit management, financial analysis, financial forecasting, and profit planning.

There are four phases in the evolution of ERP systems

The steps of the scientific decision making: Define or identify the problem or the opportunity; Built an appropriate representation of the problem, that is, a model; Search for best or better feasible solutions to the problem by using the model; Choose a superior solution to the problem.

A CRM system attempts to provide an approach, which is considered as, integrated because of company’s interaction with customers by including marketing sales, support and so on.